Dog food comes in many varieties, and indeed, diet rotation is a beneficial practice, providing a diverse range of nutrients. Most high-quality dog foods feature meat as their primary ingredient, though effective plant-based alternatives also exist. However, not all meats offer the same nutritional profile. Understanding the distinct benefits of different meats is crucial for your dog’s health.
For dog owners seeking to provide the best for their furry companions, the question often arises: What Type Of Meat Is Good For Dogs? To answer this, we consulted board-certified nutritionist Sally Perea, DVM, MS, DACVIM, from the highly-rated fresh dog food company Nom Nom. She provides an expert perspective on the most commonly used meats in dog food and highlights what makes them so advantageous for our canine friends. If you’re wondering what human meat is bad for dogs, understanding the good types of meat is the first step.
What Makes Meat Good for Dogs?
“High-quality meat is an excellent source of protein,” explains Perea. Protein is absolutely essential for dogs, playing a vital role in building and repairing tissues, supporting muscle growth, and maintaining overall health. Without adequate protein, dogs can suffer from muscle wasting, poor coat quality, and a weakened immune system.
Perea further elaborates, “Additionally, meats provide all the essential amino acids that dogs cannot produce on their own, making them necessary components of a balanced diet. Moreover, meats serve as a good source for various vitamins and minerals crucial for a dog’s well-being, such as B vitamins, iron, zinc, and selenium.” These micronutrients are critical. B vitamins support metabolism and energy production, iron is essential for oxygen transport in the blood, while zinc and selenium are vital for immune function and antioxidant defense.
“These nutrients support metabolism, immune function, and skin and coat health. Plus, meats are highly palatable for dogs, helping to enhance enjoyment at meal times, even for a typically fussy eater.” This palatability is not just about enjoyment; it ensures dogs consume the necessary nutrients. While dogs are omnivores and rely on more than just meat to meet their dietary requirements, opting for dog food with high-quality meat is a significant step towards a balanced diet.
Chicken: A Lean and Versatile Protein
Chicken is a fundamental ingredient in many dog foods, and its popularity is well-deserved. “It’s a lean source of protein, essential for your dog’s energy and muscle health,” Perea explains. This makes chicken an excellent choice for active dogs and those needing to maintain a healthy weight.
“Additionally, chicken provides omega-6 fatty acids, promoting healthy skin and a glossy coat.” A healthy coat is often a visual indicator of a dog’s overall well-being. “Not only that, but chicken provides vitamins and minerals like vitamins B6 and B12, crucial for glucose production, red blood cell formation, and nervous system function.” These B vitamins are vital for converting food into energy and ensuring proper nerve function.
“Chicken also contains zinc, vital for immune system support and thyroid function in dogs along with selenium which is important for metabolism function.” Zinc helps the immune system fight off illness, and selenium plays a role in antioxidant protection and thyroid hormone metabolism.
If you choose to prepare chicken for your dog at home, it is imperative to ensure it is thoroughly cooked. Feeding raw or uncooked chicken can expose your dog to harmful bacteria like salmonella, just as it can for humans. Furthermore, when preparing homemade meals, it is crucial to consult with a veterinary nutritionist to guarantee the diet is comprehensively balanced and meets all your dog’s nutritional needs.
Close-up of raw chicken breasts, symbolizing a lean protein source for dogs
Beef: A Nutrient-Dense Red Meat
Beef, similar to chicken, is widely available and offers a delicious and often affordable option for dog food. “Beef is an excellent source of protein and has a wide variety of nutrients including vitamin B12 and B6, zinc, iron, magnesium, potassium, and sodium,” Perea states. This rich nutrient profile means beef contributes significantly to a dog’s overall vitality.
“With similar benefits to chicken, beef protein will give your dog energy, maintain their healthy coat, and support their immune system.” The iron content in beef is particularly beneficial for preventing anemia and supporting healthy blood. Magnesium and potassium are important for muscle function and electrolyte balance.
While lean, grass-fed beef can be a superb meal option for your dog, some commercial foods might utilize rendered beef. Rendering is a high-pressure and high-temperature process designed to ensure the safety and shelf-stability of meat meals. The AAFCO (Association of American Feed Control Officials) defines rendered products from beef tissues, excluding certain by-products. The protein digestibility of rendered meat meals can vary, but they still represent a valuable ingredient, supplying proteins, fats, and minerals in a dog’s diet.
On the other hand, it is best to avoid feeding your dog fatty cuts of beef such as ribeye or T-bone steak, as these can easily lead to gastrointestinal upset, including pancreatitis. It’s also crucial to avoid giving your dog any cooked beef bones, corned beef, or sharing your seasoned hamburger or BBQ, as spices and high fat content are not in their best interest. Always prioritize simple, unseasoned, lean cuts when offering beef.
Turkey: Gentle on Digestion and Lean
“Turkey is an excellent protein source for dogs. It is a lean meat that can be gentler on digestion than fatty red meats. It’s also packed with protein, low in fat, and rich in essential amino acids and omega-6 fatty acids,” says Perea. This makes turkey an ideal choice for dogs with sensitive stomachs or those who need a lower-fat diet. Its digestibility is a key benefit, reducing the likelihood of digestive upset.
If you’re considering giving turkey as an occasional treat, ensure it is fully cooked and completely unseasoned. Turkey skin and some varieties of ground turkey can have a higher fat content, so always check the label and opt for lean versions. As with other meats, bones are strictly a no-go for dogs due to the risk of splintering and choking. Any home-prepared turkey diet should be carefully balanced with the guidance of a veterinary nutritionist to ensure complete nutrition. When dogs are sick, what can they eat is a common concern, and lean, plain cooked turkey is often a veterinarian-recommended option.
Lamb: An Alternative for Sensitivities
“Lamb, like any other meat mentioned, is a great source of protein and a tasty option for dogs with intolerances to chicken, or with sensitive stomachs,” Perea highlights. This makes lamb a valuable “novel protein” source for dogs suffering from food allergies or sensitivities to more common protein sources like chicken or beef. It provides a rich, flavorful alternative without compromising on nutritional value.
Lamb offers a good source of iron, zinc, and B vitamins, contributing to energy, immune health, and proper metabolic function. Its distinct flavor can also appeal to picky eaters. As with all meats, ensure lamb is cooked thoroughly and served without excessive fat or seasoning. Always introduce new proteins gradually to monitor for any adverse reactions.
Duck: Rich in Omega-6 for Skin and Coat
“Duck, similar to other poultry, is rich in omega-6, which can be good for maintaining a healthy skin and coat,” Perea notes. For dogs who may not thrive on chicken or have an intolerance, duck presents a fantastic alternative, offering a rich and palatable protein source. It’s generally well-loved by most dogs and provides a good source of iron and protein crucial for overall health.
“Duck is a lean source of protein that is low in saturated fat and contains healthy polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats which provides your dog with energy,” Perea adds. These healthy fats are important for cellular function, hormone production, and nutrient absorption, contributing to your dog’s vitality and sustained energy levels.
Fish: Omega-3 Powerhouse
High in protein and uniquely rich in omega-3 fatty acids, fish such as salmon or tuna can be a particularly beneficial and tasty option for your dog. “Fish provides a great source of protein, is relatively low in saturated fats, and is easily digestible as a cooked product,” Perea states. This makes fish an excellent choice for dogs who might struggle with heavier meat proteins or those needing a lighter meal.
“Fish is considered a novel protein in many commercial diets, which may be beneficial to dogs with food intolerances, allergies or other dietary sensitivities,” she explains. The unique protein structure in fish can often be tolerated by dogs who react to more common meat proteins. “Fish is also a good source of several key vitamins and minerals that play important roles in maintaining your dog’s health throughout her life.” These include vitamin D, iodine, and selenium, which are vital for bone health, thyroid function, and antioxidant defense.
When feeding fish, always ensure it is cooked and deboned to prevent choking hazards. Avoid raw fish, especially certain types that can contain thiaminase, an enzyme that destroys thiamine (vitamin B1).
Venison: A Digestible Novel Protein
Venison, while not as common as chicken or beef, is an equally nutritious, natural, and lean meat found in some specialized dog foods. “Venison offers a dual benefit for your dog’s well-being,” says Perea. “Firstly, venison is highly digestible and lean protein source, making it gentle on your dog’s digestive system.” This makes it an excellent choice for dogs with sensitive stomachs or those prone to gastrointestinal upset.
Secondly, venison is a novel protein, meaning dogs are less likely to have been exposed to it, thereby reducing the chances of triggering ingredient sensitivities or allergies. This makes it a go-to option for veterinary dermatologists and nutritionists when managing food adverse reactions. Venison is also rich in iron, B vitamins, and zinc, contributing to energy, blood health, and immune function.
Rabbit: Lean and Calorie-Conscious
Your pet rabbit may want to cover their long ears for this! “Rabbit is rich in protein and leaner than many other protein sources such as beef, pork, dark meat chicken, or lamb,” Perea says. This makes rabbit an exceptionally lean protein, beneficial for various canine dietary needs.
“This is a good protein source for dogs needing a nutritious treat that is lower in calories and fat.” For dogs needing to lose weight, or those with pancreatitis who require a very low-fat diet, rabbit can be an invaluable addition to their food rotation. It provides essential amino acids without the added caloric density of fattier meats. Rabbit also offers a good source of B vitamins and minerals like iron.
Offal (Organ Meat): Nutrient Powerhouse
Offal, or organ meat, is often an underrated ingredient, not just for humans but also for their dogs. “Compared to regular cuts of muscle meat, offal is packed with a range of essential nutrients like vitamins A, B, and D, as well as vital minerals such as iron, zinc, and selenium,” says Perea. These nutrient-dense organs offer a concentrated source of crucial vitamins and minerals that muscle meat alone might not provide in sufficient quantities.
“These nutrients provide benefits for your dog’s overall health and well-being. It’s common for pet food to contain offal.” Organs like liver, heart, and kidney are especially beneficial. Liver is a powerhouse of vitamin A and iron, while heart provides taurine, essential for cardiac health. These components significantly contribute to a dog’s energy levels, vision, immune response, and cellular health.
What Should Dogs Eat to Stay Healthy? Making the Right Choice
When it comes to deciding what type of meat is good for dogs, the general rule of thumb is to opt for lean, nutritious, meat-based dog food. By doing so, your dog will reap the benefits of the protein, essential fats, and other critical ingredients necessary for a complete and balanced diet. Prioritizing high-quality protein sources is key to ensuring your dog receives all the amino acids required for muscle maintenance, tissue repair, and overall vitality.
However, there are important do’s and don’ts to keep in mind when incorporating meat into your dog’s diet, especially if you are considering home-prepared meals. Always consult with your veterinarian or a veterinary nutritionist to ensure that the diet meets all your dog’s specific nutritional requirements. For a broader understanding of canine nutrition, consider learning what should dogs eat to stay healthy.
Do’s of Feeding Meat to Dogs:
- Do feed your dog nutritious dog food with a high-quality protein source. Look for brands that list real meat as the first ingredient.
- Do speak to your vet if you’re trying a new food, are concerned about any food allergies, or if you plan to feed a homemade diet. They can offer guidance tailored to your dog’s individual needs.
- Do ensure all meat is thoroughly cooked and unseasoned if preparing it yourself, to eliminate bacteria and avoid harmful additives.
Don’ts of Feeding Meat to Dogs:
- Don’t feed your dog cooked bones from meat as they become brittle and can splinter, posing severe choking hazards or causing internal damage.
- Don’t feed your dog table scraps that include seasoning such as garlic or onion, as these ingredients can be highly toxic to dogs.
- Don’t give your dog highly processed meats such as bacon, sausages, or deli meats, as they are typically high in fat, salt, and preservatives, which are detrimental to canine health.
- Don’t only feed your dog meat, as dogs require a complete and balanced diet that includes carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals in specific ratios. Work with a veterinary nutritionist when home-cooking for your dog to ensure dietary completeness.
- Don’t feed your dog fatty cuts of meat like ribeye or T-bone steak, as these can lead to gastrointestinal upset, including potentially life-threatening pancreatitis.
By adhering to these guidelines and choosing appropriate, high-quality meat sources, you can significantly contribute to your dog’s health and longevity. Always prioritize their well-being by making informed dietary choices.
Reference:
- AAFCO. (n.d.). Definition of Terms. Retrieved from https://www.aafco.org/Portals/0/SiteContent/Regulatory/Committees/Pet-Food/Reports/PetFoodReport_2013_Midyear-Update.pdf
