Horse training, often viewed as a singular pursuit, actually encompasses a rich tapestry of disciplines, methods, and terminologies. The very question, “What Is Horse Training Called?” opens the door to understanding the nuanced language used by professionals and enthusiasts alike. While a broad term like “equestrianism” covers the practice of horse riding and care, the specific act of training a horse is referred to by a variety of terms, each hinting at the approach, the goal, or the tradition behind it.
At its core, training a horse involves teaching it to respond to human cues, perform specific tasks, and develop a cooperative partnership. This process is fundamentally about communication, building trust, and establishing a clear understanding between two very different species. The language used to describe this process reflects the deep history and diverse cultures that have shaped our relationship with these magnificent animals.
The Broad Strokes: General Terms for Horse Training
When speaking generally, the most common terms are simply “horse training” or “equine training.” These umbrella terms cover the entire spectrum of activities involved in preparing a horse for a specific purpose, whether it’s for riding, driving, competition, or therapy.
- Horse Training: This is the most straightforward and widely understood term. It refers to the process of teaching a horse new behaviors, refining existing ones, or correcting unwanted habits.
- Equine Training: A slightly more formal term, “equine training” is often used in professional contexts or in scientific literature. It carries the same meaning as horse training but emphasizes the species aspect.
These general terms are essential because they provide a common ground for discussion. Whether you’re a novice owner or a seasoned professional, “horse training” is the universal language that initiates the conversation about a horse’s education. However, as you delve deeper into the equestrian world, you’ll encounter more specific terminology that reveals the distinct philosophies and methodologies employed.
Diving Deeper: Specific Disciplines and Their Training Styles
The world of horse training is incredibly diverse, with specialized fields that have developed unique approaches and jargon. The name given to the training often reflects the discipline the horse is being prepared for.
Classical Dressage Training
Classical dressage is renowned for its emphasis on harmony, balance, and suppleness, aiming to develop the horse’s natural athleticism to its highest potential. The training is progressive and based on a deep understanding of equine biomechanics and psychology.
- Dressage Training: This specifically refers to the training of a horse for the sport of dressage, which involves executing a series of predetermined movements with precision, grace, and obedience. The goal is to showcase the horse’s athleticism, responsiveness, and connection with the rider.
- Classical Dressage: This term denotes a more traditional and philosophical approach to dressage training, prioritizing the horse’s long-term well-being and soundness over short-term performance gains. It emphasizes a deep connection and partnership, often referred to as “lightness” or “collection.”
The methods within classical dressage are meticulous, focusing on developing the horse’s frame, collection, and engagement from behind. This type of training is often described as a long-term commitment, aiming for a truly harmonious partnership.
Western Riding Disciplines
Western riding styles, originating from the working traditions of North American cowboys, have their own distinct training philosophies and terminology. These disciplines often emphasize responsiveness, calmness, and a horse’s ability to work independently.
- Reining Training: This is the training for reining, a competitive western discipline that tests a horse’s ability to perform intricate maneuvers such as spins, sliding stops, and lead changes with precision and control. The focus is on responsiveness to subtle cues from the rider’s legs, seat, and hands.
- Cutting Training: Training for cutting involves preparing a horse to separate a single calf from a herd and “work” it, demonstrating the horse’s agility, intelligence, and ability to anticipate the calf’s movements. This requires a horse with a strong “cow sense.”
- Working Cow Horse Training: This discipline combines the elements of reining with the ability to control and work a cow. The training focuses on developing a horse that is proficient in both finesse maneuvers and responsive cow work.
- Trail Training: This involves training a horse to confidently navigate various obstacles encountered on a trail, such as crossing water, logs, or gates. It emphasizes calmness, problem-solving, and a trusting relationship with the rider.
The terminology in western riding often reflects its working roots, emphasizing a horse that is dependable, agile, and attuned to its rider’s signals. You might also hear terms like “colt starting” or “breaking horses,” which refer to the initial stages of training a young or unbroke horse for riding.
Other Notable Training Styles and Terms
Beyond dressage and western disciplines, numerous other approaches and terms are used in horse training.
- Natural Horsemanship: This is a broad philosophy that emphasizes understanding and working with a horse’s natural instincts and behaviors. It often involves methods that aim to build trust and communication through non-punitive means, focusing on the horse’s willingness. Terms associated with this include “pressure and release,” “herd dynamics,” and “respect-based training.” While not a single “called” training, it represents a significant approach.
- Clicker Training: Borrowing from animal behavior science, clicker training uses a distinct sound (the click) to mark desired behaviors, followed by a reward. This positive reinforcement method is increasingly used across various disciplines.
- Equine Behavior Modification: This term is used when addressing specific behavioral problems in horses, such as aggression, fear, or anxiety. It involves a systematic approach to understanding the root cause of the behavior and implementing strategies to change it.
- Groundwork: This refers to any training that is done with the horse from the ground, without a rider. It includes leading, lunging, desensitization, and teaching the horse to yield to pressure. Groundwork is a crucial component of most training programs.
The Evolution of Training Terminology
The language of horse training is not static; it has evolved significantly over time. Historically, terms like “breaking” were more common, often implying a forceful subjugation of the horse’s will. While “breaking” is still used, particularly for young horses, there’s a noticeable shift towards more collaborative and respectful terminology.
Modern training philosophies, informed by a deeper understanding of equine psychology and biomechanics, often favor terms that highlight partnership, communication, and mutual respect. Terms like “gentle breaking,” “colt starting,” or “partnership training” reflect this shift. Even within established disciplines, there’s an ongoing dialogue about the most ethical and effective ways to train horses. For example, discussions around “positive reinforcement” and “force-free” methods are becoming increasingly prominent.
It’s also worth noting that the context in which the term is used matters. A veterinarian might refer to “rehabilitative training” for an injured horse, while a breeder might discuss “early imprinting” for newborns. Each term carries specific connotations and aligns with particular goals and methodologies.
Conclusion: A Spectrum of Skill and Understanding
So, what is horse training called? It’s a multifaceted concept described by a rich vocabulary. From the broad strokes of “horse training” to the specific nuances of “reining training,” “classical dressage,” or “natural horsemanship,” the terminology reflects the diverse goals, methods, and philosophies within the equestrian world. Understanding these terms not only enhances communication but also provides insight into the deep and evolving relationship between humans and horses. The journey of training a horse is a continuous process of learning, adaptation, and building a bond, and the language we use to describe it is a testament to that ongoing endeavor.
