As pet owners, we often want to share our meals with our furry companions. However, many common human foods can be detrimental, even toxic, to dogs. Understanding which foods to avoid is crucial for their health and safety. Pet poisonings are a significant concern, with over 401,500 incidents reported annually in the United States alone, and human foods contribute to a substantial portion of these cases. This guide will serve as your essential resource to identify dangerous foods and ensure your dog remains safe and healthy.
Why Certain Foods Are Toxic to Dogs
Dogs possess a different digestive system and metabolism compared to humans. This fundamental difference explains why certain foods that are harmless to us can be dangerous for them. For instance, dogs process theobromine and caffeine, compounds found in chocolate, much slower than humans. This can lead to a rapid buildup in their system, potentially becoming fatal. Similarly, while the flesh of fruits like cherries is safe, their pits, stems, and leaves contain cyanide, which can be problematic if ingested in large quantities. Furthermore, the hard pits themselves can cause digestive upset.
The toxicity of certain foods can also be influenced by a dog’s size, breed, and existing health conditions. It is always recommended to consult with your veterinarian if you have any doubts about specific foods and your dog’s diet.
List of Common Foods Dogs Cannot Eat
Numerous household foods pose a risk to dogs, ranging from mildly unpleasant to severely toxic. Some of the most commonly recognized dangerous foods include alcohol, avocados, macadamia nuts, grapes, raisins, xylitol, and chocolate. It’s vital to be aware of these and a broader range of foods that should be strictly avoided.
Alcohol
1. Alcohol
Due to their smaller size, alcohol can have a far more potent and dangerous effect on dogs and cats. Even small amounts can lead to serious health issues, with smaller pets being at a higher risk. Symptoms of alcohol poisoning in dogs mirror those in humans and can include vomiting, respiratory distress, coma, and even death.
Apple, Apricot, Cherry, & Plum Seeds/Pits
2. Apple, apricot, cherry, and plum seeds/pits
While the fleshy part of apples is safe for dogs, the core and seeds should be avoided. Apple seeds contain cyanide, and though small amounts may not cause immediate harm, it’s best to steer clear of the core and seeds altogether. Similarly, the pits and seeds of apricots, cherries, peaches, and plums also contain cyanide, which can lead to vomiting, irregular heart rhythm, seizures, coma, and potentially death due to impaired oxygen transport in the blood. [cite:6, cite:5]
Avocado
3. Avocado
Avocados are not a suitable food for dogs. While research on their toxicity in dogs is ongoing, there have been documented cases of serious health issues. Additionally, an intact avocado pit can cause a dangerous obstruction in a dog’s gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, it’s safest to avoid feeding avocados to your dog.
Broccoli
4. Broccoli
Broccoli contains compounds called isothiocyanates, which can be harmful to dogs in large quantities. While small amounts of cooked broccoli might be acceptable occasionally, it’s generally best to avoid it due to the risk of adverse reactions. The stalks can also pose a choking hazard.
Caffeine & Coffee Grounds
5. Caffeine and coffee grounds
Caffeine, found in coffee grounds, tea, and some other beverages, contains methylxanthines. These can induce severe vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, and dangerous heart arrhythmias. Ingestion of caffeine can cause a dog’s heart rate to increase significantly, leading to more severe symptoms.
Chicken & Turkey Skin, Ham, & Other Fatty Cuts of Meat
6. Chicken and turkey skin, ham, and other fatty cuts of meat
Fatty cuts of meat, such as ham, chicken skin, and turkey skin, should be avoided. Their high fat content can trigger acute pancreatitis, a severe and potentially life-threatening condition in dogs. Cooked bones, especially those from poultry, are also dangerous as they can splinter and cause internal damage or obstructions.
Chocolate
7. Chocolate
Chocolate toxicity is a common emergency for pet owners, particularly during holidays. Chocolate contains theobromine and caffeine, which dogs metabolize poorly. The darker the chocolate, the higher the concentration of theobromine, making dark and baker’s chocolate particularly dangerous. Some sugar-free chocolates may also contain xylitol, another toxic substance. Symptoms can include hyperactivity, vomiting, diarrhea, pancreatitis, abnormal heart rhythm, and seizures. If your dog ingests any amount of chocolate, contact your veterinarian immediately.
Grapes & Raisins
8. Grapes and raisins
Grapes and raisins are highly toxic to dogs and can cause acute kidney failure. The exact toxic agent is unknown, but even small amounts can lead to severe gastrointestinal upset, loss of appetite, changes in urine output, and potentially fatal kidney damage.
Macadamia Nuts, Almonds, & Pistachios
9. Macadamia nuts, almonds, and pistachios
Macadamia nuts are particularly toxic to dogs and can cause symptoms like weakness, vomiting, and hyperthermia. While other nuts like almonds and pistachios may not be directly toxic, they can pose choking hazards or cause digestive upset, especially if salted or seasoned.
Milk & Dairy Products
10. Milk and dairy products
Many dogs are lactose intolerant or have difficulty digesting dairy products, which can lead to gas and diarrhea. While small amounts of low-fat cheese might be acceptable for some dogs, it’s best to offer them sparingly. Ice cream, due to its high sugar and fat content, should also be avoided.
Mushrooms
11. Mushrooms
It’s safest to avoid feeding your dog mushrooms. Wild mushrooms, in particular, can contain toxins that lead to liver and kidney failure, vomiting, diarrhea, and neurological issues. Even commercially grown mushrooms might pose a risk if not prepared properly.
Nutmeg & Cinnamon
12. Nutmeg and cinnamon
Nutmeg contains myristicin, a compound that can cause hallucinations, vomiting, and central nervous system issues in dogs, especially when consumed in larger quantities. Cinnamon, while not typically toxic, can irritate a dog’s mouth and may lead to decreased blood sugar or respiratory issues if inhaled.
Onions, Garlic, Chives, & Leeks
13. Onions, garlic, chives, and leeks
These members of the allium family are toxic to dogs and can damage their red blood cells, leading to anemia. The powders derived from these vegetables are also dangerous, often found in processed foods. Certain breeds, like Akitas and Shiba Inus, are particularly sensitive, but all dogs should avoid these plants.
Salt
14. Salt
Excessive salt intake can disrupt a dog’s fluid balance, leading to symptoms such as tremors, seizures, diarrhea, and even coma. It’s important to prevent dogs from consuming salty snacks, playdough, or anything containing high amounts of sodium.
Spicy Food
15. Spicy food
Spicy foods can cause significant gastrointestinal distress in dogs, including vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach ulcers. It’s best to keep your dog’s palate free from overly seasoned or hot dishes.
Sugar-Free Gum & Candy (Xylitol)
16. Sugar-free gum and candy (xylitol)
Xylitol, an artificial sweetener commonly found in sugar-free products like gum and candy, is extremely toxic to dogs. It can cause a rapid drop in blood sugar, leading to seizures and potentially fatal liver failure. Even a small amount can be dangerous.
Tomatoes & Raw Potatoes
17. Tomatoes and raw potatoes
The green parts of tomato plants, including unripe tomatoes, contain solanine, which is toxic to dogs. Similarly, raw potatoes contain solanine, while cooked potatoes without additives are generally safe in moderation.
Tobacco
18. Tobacco
Nicotine in tobacco products is highly toxic to dogs and can cause vomiting, diarrhea, rapid breathing, seizures, and even coma. If your dog ingests tobacco, seek immediate veterinary attention.
Yeast & Raw Dough
19. Yeast and raw dough
Raw dough containing yeast can expand in a dog’s stomach, causing severe pain and potentially life-threatening complications like gastric torsion. Furthermore, the fermentation process can produce alcohol, leading to alcohol poisoning.
Raw Meat
20. Raw meat
Feeding raw or undercooked meat to dogs carries a risk of bacterial infections like Salmonella and E. coli, which can affect both dogs and humans. Bones in raw meat can also cause choking or internal injuries.
rhubarb
21. Rhubarb
Rhubarb contains soluble calcium oxalate crystals, particularly in its leaves. Ingesting large amounts can lead to a dangerous drop in calcium levels, potentially causing kidney failure.
star fruit
22. Star fruit
Similar to rhubarb, star fruit also contains soluble calcium oxalate crystals, making it unsafe for dogs.
seltzer water
23. Flavored water and seltzer water
It’s best to stick to plain, fresh water for your dog. Flavored or carbonated waters may contain added ingredients like sugar or artificial sweeteners that are harmful. While plain seltzer might be acceptable in small amounts in a pinch, it can cause gas and bloating.
13 Foods Safe for Dogs
While the list of forbidden foods is extensive, many human foods are safe and even beneficial for dogs when given in moderation.
Apples, Oranges, & Bananas
1. Apples, oranges, and bananas
The fleshy part of apples, without the core and seeds, is a healthy treat. Oranges and bananas (peeled) are also safe in moderation, providing valuable nutrients.
Blueberries & Blackberries
2. Blueberries and blackberries
These berries are packed with antioxidants, fiber, and vitamins, making them a great healthy snack for dogs.
Cantaloupe, Mango, Peaches, Pears, Pineapples, & Watermelon
3. Cantaloupe, mango, peaches, pears, pineapples, and watermelons
Many fruits are safe for dogs, but always remove seeds, pits, and rinds to prevent choking hazards. Watermelon, in particular, is a hydrating treat on warm days.
Carrots, Cucumber, and Celery
4. Carrots, cucumber, and celery
These low-calorie vegetables are excellent for overweight dogs. Carrots offer a satisfying crunch, celery can help freshen breath, and cucumbers are rich in vitamins and minerals.
Cheese
5. Cheese
Small amounts of low-fat cheese can be an occasional treat for dogs, provided they are not lactose intolerant.
Eggs
6. Eggs
Fully cooked eggs, whether scrambled or boiled, are a good source of protein and can be easily digestible for dogs.
Peanuts, Peanut Butter, and Cashews
7. Peanuts, peanut butter, and cashews
Unsalted peanuts and cashews are safe in moderation. Peanut butter, a favorite among many dogs, is a good source of protein, but choose varieties without xylitol or excessive salt.
Popcorn and Corn
8. Popcorn and corn
Air-popped, unsalted, and unbuttered popcorn can be a fun treat. Ensure there are no unpopped kernels. Corn kernels, removed from the cob, are also acceptable.
9. Coconut and honey
Small amounts of coconut meat, milk, or oil can be beneficial for dogs. Honey also offers vitamins and minerals. However, always use with caution and monitor for any digestive upset.
Shrimp and Fish
10. Shrimp and fish
Plain, fully cooked shrimp and fish (like salmon and sardines) are safe options. Ensure they are de-shelled, de-boned, and free from any seasonings or oils. Canned tuna in water is also acceptable in moderation.
Turkey
11. Turkey
Plain, cooked turkey meat without skin, fat, or bones is a lean protein source that dogs can enjoy.
Grains, Wheat, and Quinoa
12. Grains, wheat, and quinoa
Cooked grains like rice, wheat, and quinoa are generally safe for dogs and can be part of a balanced diet.
Green beans
13. Green beans
Green beans, whether raw, steamed, or canned (plain), are a nutritious and low-calorie treat for dogs. Ensure they are cut into bite-sized pieces.
What Dogs Are Most at Risk if They Consume Toxic Foods?
While all dogs should be protected from toxic foods, certain groups are more vulnerable:
- Small breeds: Their lower body weight means smaller amounts of toxins can have a more severe impact.
- Puppies: Their developing digestive and immune systems make them more susceptible to adverse reactions.
- Elderly dogs: Older dogs may have pre-existing health conditions that increase their risk.
- Dogs with pre-existing conditions: Conditions like diabetes or kidney disease can heighten a dog’s sensitivity to certain substances.
How To Prevent Dogs from Eating Toxic Foods
Proactive measures can significantly reduce the risk of your dog ingesting harmful foods:
- Store foods out of reach: Keep dangerous items on high shelves or in secure cabinets.
- Avoid feeding from your plate: Only offer treats specifically made for dogs.
- Educate family and guests: Ensure everyone understands which foods are off-limits for your dog.
- Be cautious during holidays: Increased activity around food during festive periods requires extra vigilance.
If, despite your best efforts, your dog consumes something toxic, keep emergency contact information for your veterinarian and pet poison control readily accessible.
What To Do if Your Dog Eats Something Toxic
Immediate action is crucial if you suspect your dog has ingested a toxic substance:
- Contact your veterinarian or poison control immediately: Prompt intervention significantly increases the chances of a successful recovery.
- Provide detailed information: Be ready to report the type of food, the amount consumed, and the time of ingestion.
- Avoid home remedies unless advised by a vet: Some “cures” can be harmful and worsen the situation. For example, inducing vomiting is not always safe.
Pets Best Can Help You Keep Your Dog Healthy
Navigating the world of pet safety, from household toxins to dangerous foods, can be challenging. However, by staying informed and vigilant, you can protect your beloved companion. Exploring safe and healthy food options from our list and consulting your veterinarian can provide peace of mind. Pet insurance, such as plans offered by Pets Best, can provide an additional layer of security against unexpected veterinary expenses. Furthermore, the 24/7 Pet Helpline offered by Pets Best can provide expert guidance when you have concerns about something your pet may have eaten.
