Choosing the right food for your beloved canine companion is one of the most important decisions a pet parent can make. With countless options on the market, it can be challenging to discern which diets truly promote health and which might pose hidden risks. Unfortunately, recent investigations by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have highlighted a concerning link between certain dog food formulations and a serious heart condition in dogs called Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM). Understanding what can’t you feed your dog extends beyond just toxic human foods to include potentially problematic commercial diets. This guide will delve into the types of dog food under scrutiny, the associated risks, and how to protect your furry friend’s heart health.
The FDA’s Ongoing Investigation into Dog Food and Heart Disease
Since July 2018, the FDA has been actively investigating a potential connection between dog foods marketed as “grain-free” and the development of canine dilated cardiomyopathy. This serious heart condition leads to an enlargement of the heart and weakened pumping ability, often resulting in heart failure. The agency has received over 500 reports linking these diets to DCM, primarily in dogs, but also in some cats. While the FDA has not yet advised pet owners to stop feeding these specific brands, the findings warrant careful consideration and consultation with veterinary professionals.
The foods under investigation often contain high levels of peas, lentils, or potatoes as substitutes for traditional grains. As part of their ongoing research, the FDA has identified 16 dog food brands most frequently associated with these cases. These brands are listed in order of the number of reported cases linked to them, ranging from 67 down to 10:
- Acana
- Zignature
- Taste of the Wild
- 4Health
- Earthborn Holistic
- Blue Buffalo
- Nature’s Domain
- Fromm
- Merrick
- California Natural
- Natural Balance
- Orijen
- Nature’s Variety
- NutriSource
- Nutro
- Rachael Ray Nutrish
It’s important to note that most of the reported incidents involved dry dog food formulations, although raw, semi-moist, and wet foods were also included in the reports. The FDA continues its investigation to understand the complex factors involved.
Why “Grain-Free” Might Not Be Best for Your Canine
The trend of grain-free dog foods initially gained popularity due to consumer demand for what was perceived as a healthier, more “natural” alternative, often inspired by human dietary trends. However, many veterinary cardiologists are already advising against these diets. Dr. Anna Gelzer, a veterinary cardiologist at the University of Pennsylvania, emphasizes that there is no scientifically proven benefit to grain-free foods for the general canine population. “If you think about wolves, they may ingest the contents of ruminant animals they preyed on, so they are certainly capable of eating grain. There’s no scientific reason for going without grain,” Gelzer notes. For most dogs, grains are a beneficial source of carbohydrates and other nutrients. Selecting what meat can you feed your dog and other ingredients should always prioritize nutritional completeness and balance.
Historically, DCM has been more common in larger breeds like Great Danes and German Shepherds. However, veterinarians began observing an unusual increase in cases among smaller breeds, such as springer spaniels and beagles, in late 2017. This shift prompted a closer look at common factors, leading to the identification of grain-free diets, with their reliance on ingredients like lentils, peas, and chickpeas, as a common denominator. The exact mechanism by which these ingredients might contribute to DCM is still under investigation; it could be due to a nutritional deficiency, an imbalance in amino acids like taurine, or even the presence of an unidentified toxin.
Recognizing Symptoms of Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM)
One of the significant challenges with DCM is that dogs often do not exhibit noticeable symptoms until the disease has progressed to a severe stage. Early detection is crucial, but subtle signs can be easily overlooked. When symptoms do appear, they typically include lethargy, exercise intolerance, and shortness of breath. These can manifest as your dog tiring more quickly during walks, being less enthusiastic about play, or coughing.
Dr. Gelzer recounted a case where clients brought in one dog with severe DCM symptoms. Although their second dog appeared healthy, both were on a grain-free diet. When the seemingly healthy dog was examined, it also showed decreased heart function, but was still “subclinical,” meaning it had no outward signs of illness because the disease was in its early stages. This highlights the insidious nature of DCM and the importance of veterinary consultation if your dog is on a suspect diet, even if they seem well. For dogs showing any signs of illness, consulting a vet about what do dogs eat when sick is paramount.
A cute puppy with "puppy dog eyes" looking directly at the camera, symbolizing the emotional bond with pets.
What to Do If Your Dog is on a Suspect Diet
If your dog is currently eating one of the grain-free brands identified by the FDA, or any diet high in peas, lentils, or potatoes, it is strongly recommended to consult your veterinarian. While the FDA’s investigation is ongoing, many veterinary cardiologists are not waiting for its conclusion to advise changes. Dr. Bruce Kornreich, a veterinary cardiologist at Cornell University, suggests switching to a brand “produced by a company with a long-standing history” that has invested in nutritional research and testing.
Switching diets can sometimes lead to improvement in early-stage DCM cases, though outcomes vary. Some dogs may see their heart function improve, others might stabilize with medication, while unfortunately, some may succumb to the disease despite intervention. Unless your dog has a documented sensitivity or allergy to grains, veterinarians largely agree that the potential risks of grain-free diets, at this point, outweigh any unproven benefits. Always be mindful of what fruits dogs can not eat or other common foods that might cause issues. If your pet exhibits any symptoms such as decreased energy, a cough, or difficulty breathing, contact your vet immediately. Being informed about what meat should you not feed your dog and other potentially harmful ingredients is essential for every dog owner.
Conclusion
The FDA’s investigation into a potential link between certain grain-free dog foods and canine dilated cardiomyopathy serves as a crucial reminder for pet owners to remain vigilant and informed about their dog’s diet. While research continues, the expert consensus leans towards caution: unless medically necessary, consider avoiding grain-free diets that rely heavily on peas, lentils, and potatoes. Prioritize reputable dog food brands with a long history of scientific research and development, and always consult your veterinarian for personalized dietary advice. Your vet is the best resource for guiding your dog’s nutrition and ensuring their long-term health and well-being.
References
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA). FDA Investigation into Potential Link Between Certain Diets and Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy.
- NBC News. Dog heart disease linked to food, FDA says.
