Understanding what human foods are safe and unsafe for your dog is crucial for their health and well-being. While many common household items can be dangerous, even toxic, to dogs, other human foods are perfectly healthy and beneficial. This guide serves as a comprehensive resource for pet owners, helping them navigate the complexities of feeding their canine companions. With over 401,500 pet poisonings reported annually in the United States, many of which stem from common foods, knowing the difference between safe and hazardous options is paramount. This guide to foods your dog can and can’t eat will act as your essential “cheat sheet.”
Why Certain Foods Are Toxic to Dogs
Dogs have distinct digestive systems and metabolic processes compared to humans. This difference is why certain foods that are harmless to us can cause severe illness or even be fatal to dogs. For instance, dogs metabolize theobromine and caffeine found in chocolate much slower than humans, leading to a rapid and potentially dangerous buildup of these substances in their system. Similarly, while cherries are safe for humans, their pits, stems, and leaves contain cyanide, and the pits themselves can cause digestive upset.
Food toxicity can also be influenced by a dog’s size, breed, and underlying health conditions. It is always recommended to consult with your veterinarian if you have any specific concerns about foods your dog cannot eat.
Common Foods Dogs Cannot Eat
Numerous everyday foods pose a risk to dogs, ranging from mild discomfort to severe poisoning. It’s important to be aware of these common culprits.
1. Alcohol
Even small amounts of alcohol can be dangerous for dogs due to their smaller size. Symptoms of alcohol poisoning can include vomiting, breathing difficulties, coma, and even death.
2. Apple, Apricot, Cherry, and Plum Seeds/Pits
While the flesh of apples is safe, their seeds and cores contain cyanide. Similarly, the pits of apricots, cherries, peaches, and plums also contain cyanide and can cause serious health issues, including vomiting, irregular heartbeat, seizures, and potentially death, due to their inability to properly carry oxygen.
3. Avocado
Avocado contains persin, which can cause gastrointestinal upset in dogs. Furthermore, the large pit poses a significant obstruction risk in their digestive tract.
4. Broccoli
In large quantities, broccoli can be harmful due to isothiocyanates. While small amounts may be acceptable occasionally, it’s best to err on the side of caution. Broccoli stalks can also present a choking hazard.
5. Caffeine and Coffee Grounds
Caffeine and other methylxanthines found in coffee, tea, and soda can lead to vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, and rapid heart rate.
6. Chicken and Turkey Skin, Ham, and Other Fatty Cuts of Meat
High-fat foods like fatty meat scraps, chicken or turkey skin, and ham can trigger acute pancreatitis, a dangerous inflammation of the pancreas. Additionally, bones from poultry can splinter and cause internal damage or obstructions.
7. Chocolate
Chocolate is highly toxic to dogs due to theobromine and caffeine. The darker the chocolate, the more dangerous it is. Ingestion can lead to hyperactivity, vomiting, diarrhea, pancreatitis, abnormal heart rhythms, and seizures.
8. Grapes and Raisins
These fruits are highly toxic and can cause sudden kidney failure. Even a small amount can have severe consequences, leading to symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and changes in urination.
9. Macadamia Nuts, Almonds, and Pistachios
Macadamia nuts are particularly dangerous, causing weakness, vomiting, and overheating. Other nuts, like almonds and pistachios, can be choking hazards or problematic if salted or spiced.
10. Milk and Dairy Products
Many dogs are lactose intolerant, leading to digestive issues like diarrhea and gas. While small amounts of low-fat cheese might be acceptable for some, it’s generally best to limit dairy intake.
11. Mushrooms
Wild mushrooms are often toxic and can cause liver and kidney failure, vomiting, diarrhea, and even hallucinations. It’s safest to avoid all mushrooms unless specifically identified as safe by an expert.
12. Nutmeg and Cinnamon
Nutmeg contains myristicin, which can cause hallucinations and severe vomiting. Cinnamon can irritate your dog’s mouth and potentially lead to low blood sugar.
13. Onions, Garlic, Chives, and Leeks
These allium family members can damage a dog’s red blood cells, leading to anemia. This is true for powders and processed forms as well, so always check ingredient labels.
14. Salt
Excessive salt intake can disrupt your dog’s fluid balance, leading to tremors, seizures, diarrhea, and coma.
15. Spicy Food
Spicy foods can cause severe gastrointestinal upset, including vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach ulcers.
16. Sugar-Free Gum and Candy (Xylitol)
Xylitol, a common artificial sweetener, is extremely toxic to dogs. It can cause a rapid drop in blood sugar, leading to seizures and potentially liver failure. Even a small amount can be fatal.
17. Tomatoes and Raw Potatoes
The green parts of tomato plants and unripe tomatoes contain solanine, which is toxic. Raw potatoes also contain solanine. While cooked potatoes without additives are generally safe in moderation, raw ones should be avoided.
18. Tobacco
Nicotine is highly toxic to dogs, causing vomiting, diarrhea, rapid breathing, seizures, and even coma.
19. Yeast and Raw Dough
Raw dough can expand in a dog’s stomach, causing severe pain and potentially life-threatening bloat or rupture. The yeast fermentation process also produces alcohol, leading to alcohol poisoning.
20. Raw Meat
Feeding raw meat can expose your dog to harmful bacteria like Salmonella and E. coli. Bones in raw meat also pose a choking and internal injury risk. What raw meat should I feed my dog? is a common question, but the safest answer is often to cook it thoroughly.
21. Rhubarb
Rhubarb contains soluble calcium oxalate crystals, which can lead to a dangerous drop in calcium levels and renal failure if ingested in sufficient quantities.
22. Star Fruit
Similar to rhubarb, star fruit also contains calcium oxalate crystals and should be avoided.
23. Flavored Water and Seltzer Water
Stick to plain, fresh water. Flavored and carbonated beverages can contain artificial sweeteners, sugar, or salt, which are detrimental to dogs.
13 Foods Safe for Dogs
While the list of dangerous foods is extensive, many human foods are safe and even beneficial for dogs when given in moderation.
1. Apples, Oranges, and Bananas
The fleshy part of apples (without the core and seeds) is safe. Oranges and bananas (without the peel) are also good sources of vitamins and fiber.
2. Blueberries and Blackberries
These berries are packed with antioxidants, fiber, and vitamins, making them a healthy treat.
3. Cantaloupe, Mango, Peaches, Pears, Pineapples, and Watermelons
These fruits are generally safe, but always remove seeds, pits, and rinds before feeding to prevent choking or digestive issues.
4. Carrots, Cucumber, and Celery
These low-calorie vegetables are excellent for overweight dogs. Carrots offer a satisfying crunch, celery can help freshen breath, and cucumbers are hydrating and nutrient-rich.
5. Cheese
In small quantities, some low-fat cheeses can be given as occasional treats, provided your dog is not lactose intolerant.
6. Eggs
Fully cooked eggs are a safe and excellent source of protein. Scrambled eggs can even help soothe an upset stomach.
7. Peanuts, Peanut Butter, and Cashews
These nuts are safe in moderation, but ensure they are unsalted, unflavored, and crucially, free from xylitol. Peanut butter is a popular, protein-rich treat.
8. Popcorn and Corn
Plain, air-popped popcorn (without butter or salt) and corn kernels (off the cob) can be safe snacks. Always check for unpopped kernels.
9. Coconut and Honey
Small amounts of coconut (milk, oil, or shredded meat) and honey are safe and offer some health benefits. However, observe for any digestive upset.
10. Shrimp and Fish
Plain, fully cooked shrimp (de-shelled) and fish like salmon and sardines (boneless and plain) are safe and nutritious. Avoid seasoned or fried versions.
11. Turkey
Plain, cooked turkey meat (without skin, fat, or bones) is a lean protein source that dogs can enjoy.
12. Grains, Wheat, and Quinoa
Cooked grains like wheat and quinoa can be part of a balanced diet, but monitor for any allergic reactions.
13. Green Beans
Steamed, raw, or canned green beans (plain) are a healthy, low-calorie treat that many dogs enjoy.
What Dogs Are Most at Risk if They Consume Toxic Foods?
While all dogs should be kept away from toxic foods, certain groups are more vulnerable:
- Small breeds: Due to their lower body weight, they are more susceptible to the effects of toxins like chocolate.
- Puppies: Their developing digestive and immune systems make them more vulnerable.
- Elderly dogs: Pre-existing health conditions can increase their risk.
- Dogs with pre-existing conditions: Health issues like diabetes or kidney disease can make dogs more susceptible to food toxicity.
How To Prevent Dogs from Eating Toxic Foods
Proactive measures can significantly reduce the risk of your dog ingesting harmful foods:
- Store foods out of reach: Keep all potentially toxic items on high shelves or in secured cabinets.
- Avoid feeding from your plate: Never feed your dog human food directly from your plate or during meal preparation. Reserve treats specifically for dogs.
- Educate family and guests: Ensure everyone in the household and any visitors understand which foods are off-limits for your dog.
- Be cautious during holidays: Increased activity during holidays can lead to lapses in vigilance. Store food safely and supervise your dog closely.
If your dog does ingest something toxic, keep emergency veterinarian and poison control contact information readily accessible.
What To Do if Your Dog Eats Something Toxic
Immediate action is crucial if your dog consumes toxic food:
- Contact your veterinarian or poison control immediately. Prompt treatment significantly improves outcomes.
- Provide details: Be ready to report the type of food, the amount consumed, and the time of ingestion.
- Follow professional advice: Do not attempt home remedies unless advised by a veterinarian, as some actions, like inducing vomiting, can be harmful in certain situations. Remember, what are things dogs can not eat is a vital piece of information for every owner.
Pets Best Can Help You Keep Your Dog Healthy
Navigating the world of pet-safe foods and household hazards can be challenging. By following this guide and staying vigilant, you can help protect your dog from dangerous substances. Exploring safe food options from our lists can provide your pet with enjoyable and healthy treats. When in doubt about any food, always consult your veterinarian.
Pet insurance can offer a valuable safety net for unexpected situations, including accidental ingestion of toxic foods. Plans from Pets Best can be customized to meet your pet’s specific needs, and policyholders gain access to a 24/7 Pet Helpline, providing expert advice when you need it most.
