When considering the largest horses in the world, breeds that consistently measure over 18 hands high (hh) are prime candidates. Some individuals within these heavy horse breeds can even surpass 20hh. The definition of “largest” can be debated, as it may refer to height or weight. Historical records highlight the Shire horse Sampson, born in 1846, who stood an impressive 21.2½hh. More recently, the Belgian Draft gelding Big Jake, measured at just under 20.3hh in 2010, held a Guinness World Record for height. This remarkable creature exemplifies the colossal scale some horses can achieve.
Top Five Largest Horse Breeds
Several breeds are renowned for consistently producing exceptionally large horses. These include the Shire, Clydesdale, Belgian Draft, Percheron, and Suffolk Punch.
Shire Horse
The Shire is celebrated for its immense height and strength, having held records for both the tallest and largest horses. Traditionally used as a draft horse for farm work, hauling heavy loads for breweries, and towing barges, the Shire’s origins lie in Britain. Today, they continue to be employed in forestry, by some traditional breweries, and as leisure riding horses. The most notable Shire was Sampson, later renamed Mammoth, who measured 21.2½hh in the 19th century.
Shire horse
Clydesdale
Typically standing at least 17hh, the Clydesdale is lighter than some other heavy breeds due to its more refined frame. This Scottish breed is recognized for its imposing height and strength, combined with an elegant, high-stepping gait. While originating in Scotland, Clydesdales gained widespread fame in America, notably through their appearances in Budweiser commercials. Digger, a 19.2hh Clydesdale, holds the record for the tallest of the breed, having been trained as a drum horse for royal parades after being rescued as a foal.
Clydesdale Horse
Belgian Draft
The Belgian Draft horse is a contender for the world’s largest horse, though most commonly measure up to 17hh. They are particularly noted for their exceptional capacity to pull heavy weights, a trait for which they have won numerous championships. Belgian Draft horses were exported across Europe and to the United States, where a slightly more compact version is known as the American Brabant. While they can be ridden, they are highly valued in forestry, farm work, and even for pulling sledges. Big Jake, who measured an astonishing 20.2¾hh, is a prime example of this breed’s potential height.
Belgian Draft Horse
Percheron
The Percheron, a draft horse breed from France, might seem a surprising inclusion as some individuals stand as short as 15.2hh. However, the breed commonly exceeds this, and at times, Percherons have held records for the world’s biggest horses. They are also among the strongest draft horses in terms of pulling power. Historically, they were crucial for military transport, pulling stagecoaches, and for agricultural work. Today, Percherons are utilized in conservation efforts, forestry, and as versatile riding and driving horses. A notable individual, Dr Le Gear, recorded in 1915, stood at 21hh and weighed 2,995lb (1,359kg), earning him the title of the world’s biggest horse at that time. Understanding the characteristics of different horse breeds can help appreciate these magnificent animals.
Percheron
Suffolk or Suffolk Punch
The Suffolk Punch, always chestnut in color and historically spelled without the ‘t’, is another established heavy horse breed from Britain, originating in the county of Suffolk. Traditionally employed in farm work and for hauling artillery during wartime, they are now also used for riding and driving. They tend to be more compact than the Clydesdale and Shire, generally reaching a maximum of 17hh, although some individuals can exceed this. While not always the absolute tallest, they are considered Britain’s oldest heavy horse breed, with origins dating back to the 16th century. Their powerful build is a hallmark of the breed. The Suffolk Punch is a breed known for its distinctive appearance.
Suffolk Punch Horse in full show harness
These breeds represent the pinnacle of equine size and power, each with a rich history and distinct characteristics that make them truly exceptional. Whether for historical working roles or modern-day equestrian pursuits, these giant horses continue to inspire awe and admiration.
