The story of the Saint Bernard is one of historical significance, dedicated service, and enduring appeal. Originating from the treacherous snowy passes of the Alps, these noble dogs have evolved from ancient war companions to beloved family pets and pop culture stars. Their journey is marked by remarkable feats of rescue, a period of breed decline, and a resurgence in popularity, solidifying their place in both history and modern households. Explore books similar to a dog’s purpose to understand the deep bonds between humans and canine companions.
Early Roots and Roman Legions
The lineage of Saint Bernard-type dogs traces back to ancient Switzerland, where they were utilized by Germanic tribes as formidable war dogs. Their imposing size and strength were enough to intimidate even seasoned Roman legions. Breed historians suggest that these native Alpine giants were likely crossbred with the Asian Molosser, a powerful war dog brought by the Romans, around the first two centuries AD. This strategic breeding likely contributed to the development of the breed’s robust physique and courageous disposition.
The Rescue Dogs of Monks
The most celebrated chapter in the Saint Bernard’s history began in the 11th century when a monk named Bernard of Menthon established a hospice in the treacherous Great Saint Bernard Pass. This vital refuge served pilgrims en route to Rome, who often faced perilous conditions, including deep snowdrifts and avalanches. It was here that the Saint Bernard truly found its calling as a rescue dog.
Oliver Goldsmith, writing in the early 1700s, marveled at the breed’s “extraordinary sagacity,” noting their ability to locate travelers buried deep beneath the snow. The most famous of these canine heroes was Barry, a Saint Bernard who served at the Hospice between 1800 and 1814. Barry is credited with saving 40 human lives, cementing the breed’s reputation as unparalleled Alpine rescue dogs. His legend was so profound that “Barryhund” became a common Swiss name for the breed.
The Myth of the Brandy Cask
Contrary to popular imagery, the original Saint Bernard rescue dogs did not wear casks of brandy around their necks. This enduring misconception largely stems from a painting by British artist Edwin Landseer in 1820, titled “Alpine Mastiffs Reanimating a Distressed Traveler.” Landseer added a whimsical cask to one of the dog collars, a detail invented purely for artistic effect. In reality, the hospice monks, with their extensive experience in Alpine rescue, were well aware that alcohol could be detrimental to individuals suffering from hypothermia. Despite the myth, it was the Saint Bernard’s inherent kindness and comforting presence, rather than any potent libation, that truly warmed the hearts of those in need.
A Breed in Peril and Revival
By the turn of the 20th century, the Saint Bernard breed faced a significant decline. Breeders like Janice Holmes Myers, who operates Carmen Kennels, the oldest registered kennel in the United States, noted the drastic changes in the breed’s physique compared to earlier generations. Show dogs of the early 1900s, like Sea View Abbess, appeared dramatically different from today’s standards, often exhibiting swaybacks.
Dedicated fanciers in the early 20th century made it their mission to restore the Saint Bernard to its former glory. They focused on breeding the best remaining specimens, using dogs like the British ring champion Frandley Stephanie as a model. Through generations of careful breeding, both domestically and with imported stock, the Saint Bernard gradually regained its distinctive and imposing appearance. Discover a good dog story to appreciate the loyalty and heroism of these animals.
Saint Bernards in Pop Culture: The Beethoven Effect
Today, for many, the Saint Bernard is inextricably linked to the wildly popular film franchise, “Beethoven.” The 1992 film introduced a new generation to the breed’s charm, depicting an adorable stray puppy who grows into a 200-pound, slobbery, shedding, yet lovable family member. Despite mixed critical reviews, “Beethoven” and its sequel achieved significant box office success, grossing over $110 million combined.
Producer Ivan Reitman cleverly crafted “Beethoven” as family-friendly entertainment, with a script by John Hughes that appealed to both children and adults. The film’s biggest star, however, was Beethoven himself. The breed hadn’t had a major pop culture figure since the “Topper” TV series in the 1950s, and audiences were eager to reconnect with this magnificent breed. For a brief period in the early 1990s, the Saint Bernard, and even its characteristic drool, once again became a symbol of heartwarming family fun.
