As our feline companions live longer, understanding the aging process in cats becomes increasingly important for pet owners. While the common belief of seven cat years equaling one human year is a myth, cats do experience physiological changes as they age, typically noticeable between seven and ten years old, and more significantly by twelve. A one-year-old cat is akin to a 16-year-old human, with each subsequent year equivalent to about four human years. This means a ten-year-old cat is roughly equivalent to a 53-year-old person. Aging is a natural progression, not a disease, but it brings about changes that can be managed to ensure a high quality of life for your Senior Cat.
As cats mature, their bodies undergo several changes. The immune system becomes less robust, making them more susceptible to illness. Chronic diseases can further compromise immune function, and dehydration, often a consequence of these conditions, can diminish circulation and immunity. The skin becomes thinner and less elastic, and older cats may groom themselves less effectively, leading to matting and odor. Their claws can become overgrown and brittle. Behavioral changes, such as disorientation, increased vocalization, and social withdrawal, can occur, mirroring senility in humans. Hearing loss and changes in vision, including lens haziness, are also common.
Common Health Concerns in Senior Cats
Dental disease is highly prevalent in older cats, potentially causing pain and difficulty eating. While a decreased sense of smell can affect appetite, discomfort from dental issues is a more frequent culprit. Kidney function often declines with age, making kidney failure a common disease in senior cats, presenting with diverse symptoms. Degenerative joint disease, or arthritis, affects many older cats, potentially hindering their mobility and access to essential resources like food and litter boxes. Furthermore, conditions such as hyperthyroidism, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer become more common as cats age.
It is crucial not to dismiss any changes in your older cat’s behavior as mere signs of old age. Any alteration warrants a veterinary consultation. For instance, pain from dental disease or arthritis can lead to aggression or changes in litter box habits. Increased urine production due to kidney disease, diabetes, or hyperthyroidism can cause litter box issues, and conditions like hyperthyroidism might trigger territorial marking. Difficulty accessing a litter box due to arthritis can also lead to inappropriate elimination. Older cats may also be more sensitive to household changes due to a diminished ability to adapt.
Maintaining Your Senior Cat’s Health
Close observation is your most powerful tool in keeping your senior cat healthy. Incorporating a basic weekly physical examination into your routine, guided by your veterinarian, is highly recommended. This can be seamlessly integrated into your normal interactions. Gently examining their teeth and gums, checking ear canals, and feeling for any abnormal lumps or bumps while stroking their fur can provide valuable insights.
Daily brushing or combing is essential for removing loose hair, preventing hairballs, and stimulating circulation for healthier skin and a shinier coat. Since older cats may use scratching posts less frequently, their nails require weekly checks and trimming if necessary. Daily tooth brushing with a pet-specific toothpaste is the most effective way to prevent dental disease, which can lead to other health problems.
Proper nutrition is vital. Many cats gain weight as they age, while others experience unintentional weight loss due to underlying medical issues like kidney failure. Consulting your veterinarian to modify their diet is crucial for managing weight and addressing specific health concerns. Reducing environmental stress is also paramount, as older cats are less adaptable to change. Familiar objects can help when boarding, but in-home care by a trusted person is preferable. Avoid introducing new pets or making significant household changes if possible. Providing extra affection during stressful times like moving can help.
The Role of Veterinary Care
Cats are adept at concealing illness, and senior cats are no exception. Serious medical conditions may not be apparent until they are advanced. Early detection and treatment are key to successful management. Regular veterinary examinations are as important as your own observations. Your veterinarian may recommend more frequent check-ups for your senior cat. During these visits, a thorough physical examination, weight assessment, and comparison to previous records will be conducted. Annual tests, including blood work, fecal exams, and urinalysis, can help detect and manage disorders early.
Adopting an Older Cat
Senior cats in shelters often get overlooked in favor of younger, more playful kittens. However, older cats can make wonderful, calm, and litter-trained companions. They offer a unique form of companionship and can bring immense joy to a home. Considering adoption of a senior cat can enrich both your life and theirs, providing a loving environment for a deserving feline.
Updated December 2016
