Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) stands as the most prevalent inherited musculoskeletal disorder affecting dogs. While surgical interventions exist for managing CHD, the majority of affected dogs are treated conservatively, relying on supplements and Pain Medication For Hip Dysplasia In Dogs. This guide, brought to you by integrative veterinarian Dr. Julie Buzby, offers 10 valuable tips for the conservative management of this condition, focusing on non-surgical treatments that can significantly improve a dog’s quality of life.
Hip dysplasia is a congenital malformation of one or both hip joints in dogs. This condition can lead to the development of arthritis and chronic joint pain. Although surgical treatment for CHD might be the optimal choice in certain scenarios, it is an invasive and costly procedure, often requiring the expertise of a board-certified veterinary surgeon at a specialized hospital. Consequently, surgery isn’t always the most suitable option for every dog. In many cases, conservative therapy proves to be a better alternative. Encouragingly, a study published in the Journal of Small Animal Practice indicates that three-quarters of dogs suffering from hip dysplasia and secondary arthritis can lead normal, comfortable lives with conservative care.
Understanding and Diagnosing Hip Dysplasia
To effectively understand the goals of various treatments for hip dysplasia, it’s crucial to first grasp the condition itself. The underlying cause of canine hip dysplasia plays a significant role in determining the most appropriate treatment strategy. The hip joint is a classic “ball and socket joint.” In a healthy dog, the acetabulum (socket) completely encases the head of the femur (ball), ensuring the hip remains securely in place. Dogs with hip dysplasia, however, have malformed bones, which prevent full acetabular coverage. This leads to laxity within the hip joint and can even predispose the dog to hip dislocation.
Diagnosing canine hip dysplasia typically involves a review of the dog’s history, assessment of clinical signs, a thorough physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as X-rays and bloodwork.
Clinical Signs of Hip Dysplasia
The clinical signs of hip dysplasia often manifest at a young age and can be subtle. One of the earliest indicators might be a “bunny-hopping” gait, where the dog’s back legs move together in a hopping motion while walking or running. In younger dogs without significant arthritis, this might be the only noticeable symptom.
Other dogs may not exhibit signs until they reach an older age. As dogs mature, they can develop secondary arthritis, which causes pain and inflammation in the hips. Signs of arthritis stemming from hip dysplasia can include:
- Difficulty or reluctance to rise.
- Stiffness after prolonged periods of rest.
- Noticeable loss of muscle mass in the hind limbs.
- Shifting of weight to the front legs to alleviate pressure on the hips.
- Intermittent limping, which may shift from one leg to the other.
- Hesitation to run, climb, or jump.
The following image provides a visual comparison between a normal hip and a dysplastic, arthritic hip in a plastic model of a dog’s pelvis.
Plastic model contrasting a normal dog hip with one affected by hip dysplasia and arthritis
Confirming Diagnosis with X-rays
Your veterinarian will perform a physical examination to help identify the cause of your dog’s lameness. They will assess for signs of pain when moving the hips through their range of motion and may check for the Ortolani sign—an audible “clunk” produced when manipulating dysplastic hips. (Note: The Ortolani sign might not be detectable in a tense patient, making a sedated physical exam a potential next step).
X-rays are typically definitive for diagnosis. The X-rays below illustrate the difference between dogs with healthy hips and those with hip dysplasia.
X-ray of a dog's hips showing excellent conformation with no signs of hip dysplasia, certified by OFAThis dog’s hips were certified “excellent” by the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA). The OFA defines “excellent” as “Superior conformation; there is a deep-seated ball (femoral head) which fits tightly into a well-formed socket (acetabulum) with minimal joint space.”
X-ray of a five-year-old Labrador Retriever with hips rated 'good' by the Orthopedic Foundation for AnimalsThis X-ray belongs to a five-year-old Labrador Retriever whose hips received a “good” rating from the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals. The OFA describes “good” as “Slightly less than superior but a well-formed congruent hip joint is visualized. The ball fits well into the socket and good coverage is present.”
X-ray illustrating hip dysplasia in a dog, characterized by a shallower joint socketThis X-ray clearly demonstrates hip dysplasia in a dog. Observe the shallower nature of the socket, appearing less like a “crescent moon,” which indicates poor femoral head coverage.
Treatment Options for Hip Dysplasia in Dogs
Treatment options for canine hip dysplasia generally fall into two broad categories: surgical and non-surgical. While surgical interventions can be highly effective in certain cases, particularly for younger dogs without existing arthritis, this article will primarily focus on non-surgical approaches. We will delve into managing hip dysplasia through various pain medication for hip dysplasia in dogs, supplements, alternative therapies, and more.
Surgical Treatment for Hip Dysplasia in Dogs
Surgical treatment might be the most suitable choice in some instances, especially for young dogs showing no signs of arthritis. The most commonly performed surgeries for hip dysplasia in dogs include juvenile pelvic symphysiodesis (JPS), triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO), total hip replacement (THR), and femoral head/neck ostectomy (FHO/FHNO). Comprehensive and concise information on each of these surgical procedures is available on the American College of Veterinary Surgeons’ website.
However, surgical treatment often comes with a hefty price tag and considerable recovery periods, making it an impractical option for many dog owners. If surgery isn’t feasible for your canine companion, there’s no need to lose hope!
Non-Surgical Treatments for Hip Dysplasia in Dogs
A wide array of medical treatments are available for hip dysplasia in dogs, encompassing senior dog supplements, Western medicine, and several “non-conventional” medical management options. While these treatments do not cure the underlying biomechanical issue of hip laxity, their primary goal is to control inflammation and pain, thereby improving mobility. So, what non-surgical treatment options are available for canine hip dysplasia? Let’s explore 10 key tips for the conservative management of hip dysplasia.
Golden Retriever enjoying outdoor time, representing dogs benefiting from hip dysplasia treatments
1. Weight Management: A Foundation for Joint Health
Though not a direct “medicine,” weight management is arguably the most impactful recommendation for dogs with hip dysplasia. Your dog’s canine body condition score profoundly influences joint health. Simply put, the heavier your dog is, the greater the stress on their joints. Larger dog breeds are inherently more predisposed to hip dysplasia than smaller breeds, meaning even being “slightly” overweight can translate to more than 10 extra pounds of burden on their hips.
Overweight Labrador Retriever displaying hind limb muscle weakness, typical of hip dysplasiaThis overweight Labrador Retriever, a quintessential case of hip dysplasia, exhibits muscle atrophy in its hind limbs, consistent with a diagnosis of canine hip dysplasia. Beyond the physical strain of carrying excess weight, fatty tissue also produces inflammatory hormones that exacerbate chronic inflammation, which can worsen osteoarthritis in the hips.
2. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
When veterinarians discuss pain medication for hip dysplasia in dogs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are generally considered a first-line treatment. NSAIDs are widely used to manage pain in both humans and animals by reducing inflammation and alleviating discomfort. Approved NSAIDs for dogs include:
- Carprofen
- Meloxicam
- Firocoxib
- Deracoxib
- Grapiprant
By effectively decreasing inflammation and providing pain relief, NSAIDs can appear to work wonders for painful dogs. While these medications are considered safe, it’s important to be aware of their potential side effects. If your dog is on a regular NSAID regimen to manage osteoarthritis in dogs caused by hip dysplasia, your veterinarian may recommend routine bloodwork to monitor organ function. (For dogs reluctant to take pills, there are various tips and tricks available, such as those discussed in articles like what to do if your dog won’t take pills).
3. Multi-Modal Pain Management: A Synergistic Approach
If your dog continues to experience pain despite the use of NSAIDs, your veterinarian might prescribe additional medication to achieve more comprehensive pain management. Multi-modal pain management involves using several medications and therapies concurrently to address pain at different points within the body’s pain signaling pathway. For instance, a pain signal originating from the hips travels to the spinal cord and is then processed by the brain. Various medications can modulate this pain signal differently at each of these points, thereby reducing the overall intensity of the pain perceived by the brain.
Some common medications used in conjunction with, or as alternatives to, NSAIDs for hip pain include:
Gabapentin
Gabapentin is effective in treating pain disorders by binding to overactive neurons, which reduces their firing frequency. This action diminishes the transmission of pain signals, similar to how pregabalin (Lyrica) functions in humans. Gabapentin for dogs is likely the second most frequently prescribed traditional pain medication for hip dysplasia in dogs, following NSAIDs.
Amantadine
Amantadine, primarily known as an anti-viral medication, also helps to reduce arthritis-associated pain by increasing dopamine levels in the brain. A study on dogs with hind-end osteoarthritis compared a group given only an NSAID with another group receiving amantadine plus an NSAID. The group treated with both medications showed a more significant improvement in pain, evidenced by increased activity levels, compared to the NSAID-only group. For detailed information, consult resources on amantadine for dogs.
Tramadol
Tramadol is another medication that may contribute to reducing pain associated with hip dysplasia in dogs. Current research suggests that tramadol alone is often insufficient for managing arthritis pain. However, it can aid in pain relief by elevating serotonin levels and exerting mild effects on opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord. Therefore, tramadol may be beneficial when combined with other pain medications. Comprehensive articles on tramadol for dogs provide further insights.
4. Joint Health Supplements/Nutraceuticals: Supporting Cartilage
I routinely recommend oral joint supplements for almost all my hip dysplasia patients. Research into joint supplements—their efficacy, optimal dosage, and absorption rates—is ongoing. However, most ingredients in joint supplements for dogs are well-tolerated with minimal (if any) side effects, providing little reason not to try them. The primary joint health supplements generally recommended are glucosamine and chondroitin. While data on their exact benefits can sometimes be conflicting, I have observed significant improvements, especially when supplementation begins early in a dog’s life.
Buyer Beware! The Supplement Market is Unregulated
Given that hip dysplasia is the most common inherited musculoskeletal condition in dogs, affecting a vast number of animals, the market for its treatment is enormous. It is crucial to understand that joint supplements and “nutraceuticals” are not regulated by the FDA. This means they are not subject to the stringent testing and manufacturing requirements that apply to other medications. Consequently, virtually any company can formulate and market a “joint supplement,” with very little oversight to ensure the accuracy of listed ingredients.
Not All Joint Supplements Are Created Equal
A quick internet search for “dog joint supplements” will yield hundreds, if not thousands, of purchase options. Quality is paramount! Always consult your veterinarian before selecting a joint health product for your dog.
In addition to commonly found active ingredients, other bioactive compounds can be present in joint supplements, including:
- MSM (methylsulfonylmethane)
- Avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU)
- Various herbs such as turmeric/curcumin, bromelain, boswellia, corydalis, and devil’s claw.
- New Zealand deer velvet, which is often favored by veterinarians for treating canine hip dysplasia.
Three bottles of Encore Mobility joint supplement for dogs, highlighting its active ingredientsMany veterinarians recommend Dr. Buzby’s Encore Mobility™ Joint Supplement for Dogs. Formulated with New Zealand deer velvet and green-lipped mussel, it actively supports and maintains healthy tissue, cartilage, and joints.
5. Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Natural Anti-Inflammatories
Omega-3 fatty acids are powerful compounds that reduce inflammation throughout the body, providing significant benefits for stiff, “creaky” joints. I frequently recommend this supplement for my hip dysplasia patients due to its widespread benefits and minimal side effects. The health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids for dogs are numerous, contributing to overall well-being beyond just joint health.
6. Adequan Injections for Dogs with Hip Dysplasia
Adequan injections are another highly regarded treatment for dogs with hip dysplasia. Adequan Canine, a prescription polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (PSGAG), functions similarly to oral joint supplements by promoting healthy, intact cartilage in your dog’s joints. However, because it is administered via intramuscular injection, it achieves much better penetration into the joint tissues than oral products. While it may not be effective for every dog, many veterinarians have witnessed dramatic positive results. More information can be found in articles detailing adequan for dogs.
7. Appropriate, Gentle Exercise: Maintaining Mobility
Gentle, controlled exercise is crucial for maintaining musculoskeletal health in dogs with hip dysplasia. While studies on the optimal type, frequency, and duration of physical therapy in veterinary medicine are ongoing, some research suggests that appropriate exercise (as opposed to strict exercise restriction) is linked to lower lameness scores. The principle of “use it or lose it” holds true for joint health.
The increasing prevalence of canine rehabilitation practitioners and facilities, offering therapies like underwater treadmills for dogs, is an exciting development. To locate a certified rehabilitation practitioner in your area, you can consult the American Association of Rehabilitation Veterinarians’ website. This holistic approach can complement other home remedies for dogs dealing with joint issues.
8. Acupuncture and Laser Therapy: Alternative Pathways to Relief
Acupuncture for dogs and laser therapy for dogs are alternative treatments that have demonstrated considerable success in managing dogs with hip dysplasia. They can certainly be used individually, but many practitioners find that they have a synergistic effect when combined to treat painful hips.
Veterinarians with expertise in acupuncture have treated hundreds of hip dysplasia patients over decades, often using electroacupuncture to amplify the effect, with very positive outcomes. Acupuncture stimulates endorphin release—the body’s natural opioids—into the bloodstream, which helps to ease pain and relax the dog. It also helps to relax the muscles of the lower back and hind end, which are often under abnormal stress due to the dog’s chronic compensatory movements. For new clients, improvements are often observed after the first visit, and a determination on the treatment’s value can usually be made within three visits.
Laser therapy has been used in human medicine for decades before being adopted in veterinary practices. Lasers emit light that penetrates deep into tissues, increasing blood flow to the treated area and facilitating healing. Modern lasers are powerful, making treatments last only a few minutes, and dogs generally tolerate them very well.
German Shepherd dog undergoing electroacupuncture, a treatment for hip dysplasia, on its hindquartersThis German Shepherd dog is receiving electroacupuncture as an integral part of her comprehensive hip dysplasia treatment plan.
9. CBD Oil for Dogs with Hip Dysplasia: Emerging Evidence
The use of CBD oil for dogs has become an area of growing interest in both human and veterinary medicine. Cannabidiol (CBD) differs from Delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) because it binds to receptors associated with decreasing pain and inflammation in the body without binding to the receptors in the brain that cause the “high” associated with THC.
Several recent veterinary studies have indicated that dogs treated with CBD oil show improvements in owner-reported pain scores and enhanced mobility compared to those given a placebo. While early research looks promising regarding the use of CBD oil for pain management in dogs, recommending and prescribing CBD oil currently operates in a legally gray area for veterinarians, with laws varying by state. Similar to other supplements, there is limited regulation of CBD products for animals. It is imperative to consult your veterinarian before administering any over-the-counter medication or supplement, including CBD oil, to your dog.
10. ToeGrips® Dog Nail Grips: Enhancing Stability
Dogs afflicted with hip dysplasia frequently struggle to rise from and navigate slippery floors. ToeGrips® dog nail grips are specifically designed to assist dogs who slip and slide on slick surfaces, boosting both their footing and confidence. These nonslip grips fit securely on dogs’ toenails, restoring much-needed traction on hardwood floors and other smooth surfaces. ToeGrips can make a substantial difference in comfort and mobility for dogs living with hip dysplasia. For an inspiring story of how ToeGrips transformed a senior dog’s mobility, you can read about Bigsby’s Success Story.
Labrador Retriever wearing ToeGrips to improve mobility and prevent slipping due to hip dysplasiaHip dysplasia is more common in large and giant breed dogs, such as Labrador Retrievers. This particular dog is wearing ToeGrips® dog nail grips, which significantly enhance her ability to rise and walk on smooth floors without struggling or slipping.
A Multifaceted Approach to Managing Hip Dysplasia
Ultimately, you know your dog better than anyone. If your dog with hip dysplasia appears to be in pain—evidenced by reduced activity or diminished interaction with the family—it is crucial to discuss treatment options with your veterinarian. Pain is the foremost inhibitor of quality of life for canine patients. If you have experienced a dog suffering from hip dysplasia, you are likely aware of how debilitating the condition can become without proper intervention. Improving a dog’s physical and mental well-being through effective pain management brings immense relief to both pet owners and veterinarians alike.
When it comes to treating pain in dogs associated with hip dysplasia, a multimodal therapy approach is often the most effective. This means that a combination of the 10 tips for treating hip dysplasia outlined in this article will typically yield the greatest success. Dogs, much like humans, exhibit individual variations and may respond differently to various products and therapies.
As always, close collaboration with your veterinarian is critical to achieving the best possible outcome for your beloved dog.
