Roundworms are a pervasive internal parasite affecting dogs of all ages, from playful puppies to seasoned seniors. Even well-cared-for dogs can contract these common gastrointestinal parasites, with young puppies being the most susceptible. A critical concern with roundworms is their potential to transmit to humans, particularly children, underscoring the importance of year-round parasite control for your dog’s health and your family’s well-being.
Key Takeaways
- Roundworms are the most prevalent gastrointestinal parasites in dogs, especially in puppies, and pose health risks to both pets and humans.
- While some dogs show no signs of infection, symptoms can include vomiting, diarrhea, coughing, weight loss, or a pot-bellied appearance.
- Treatment involves deworming medications prescribed by a veterinarian, with essential follow-up care to ensure the infection is fully cleared.
What Are Roundworms in Dogs?
Roundworms are internal parasites residing within a dog’s digestive tract, developing from eggs into larvae and finally into adult worms. These worms can lead to an upset stomach, and their larvae may migrate to the lungs, causing a cough. Visually, adult roundworms resemble cream-colored spaghetti, measuring about 3 to 6 inches in length, and are often found in a dog’s stool or vomit.
It’s crucial to consult your veterinarian immediately if you observe any worms in your dog’s feces. Bring a fresh stool sample or a clear photo of the worm for accurate identification and treatment planning.
Monthly parasite prevention is paramount for safeguarding both your dog and your family from roundworm infections.
While roundworms in dogs are usually not a medical emergency, a severe infestation can lead to serious illness. If your dog exhibits difficulty breathing, persistent vomiting, or loss of appetite, seek immediate veterinary attention.
Symptoms of Roundworms in Dogs
Dogs infected with roundworms might not display any outward signs of illness yet can still shed roundworm eggs in their environment. However, symptoms can range from mild to severe:
- Vomiting, which may include visible roundworms.
- A distended, pot-bellied abdomen.
- Unexplained weight loss.
- A generally unhealthy appearance, characterized by a dull coat.
In severe cases, particularly in young puppies, heavy roundworm infections can be fatal.
Causes of Roundworms in Dogs
Most puppies contract roundworms from their mother before birth or through nursing, as worm larvae can be present in the mother’s milk. Studies indicate that nearly all puppies are born with roundworm infections. If you are caring for a pregnant or nursing dog, discuss deworming options with your veterinarian to prevent transmission to the puppies.
Roundworm infections occur when dogs ingest worm eggs, often by grooming themselves after contact with contaminated soil or by consuming infected prey. Environments like dog parks, sandboxes, gardens, and shelters can harbor these eggs.
How Veterinarians Diagnose Roundworms in Dogs
Veterinary diagnosis of roundworms in dogs relies on a fresh stool sample. Your vet can collect this during a physical examination or you can provide a sample from home. A fecal examination, known as a fecal floatation test, uses a microscope to detect roundworm eggs in the stool. This test can be performed at the veterinary clinic or sent to a laboratory.
Even if you can identify worms in your dog’s stool, a fecal exam is necessary for accurate identification and to check for other potential worm infections, as co-infections are common.
Treatment of Roundworms in Dogs
Roundworms in dogs are treatable with antiparasitic medications. This typically involves a series of deworming treatments administered on a strict schedule, often over several weeks. Your veterinarian will prescribe a deworming medication, such as Drontal Plus, Nemex, Panacur, Virbantel, or Safe-Guard.
It is essential to adhere strictly to your veterinarian’s instructions and schedule follow-up appointments. Your dog’s stool will be retested to confirm the treatment’s effectiveness.
Recovery and Management of Roundworms in Dogs
Dogs with milder roundworm infections can typically recover within a few weeks. For more severe symptoms, your veterinarian may recommend additional supportive care, which could include hospitalization. In rare cases of intestinal blockage caused by a large worm mass, emergency surgery might be necessary.
Prevention of Roundworms in Dogs
Effective prevention of roundworms in dogs involves several key strategies:
- Routine Deworming: Puppies should begin deworming medication at two weeks of age and continue every two weeks until they are transitioned to a monthly parasite preventative.
- Regular Stool Testing: Puppies and newly adopted dogs should have their stool tested four times a year, while adult dogs require testing twice annually.
- Prompt Stool Removal: Clean up your dog’s feces immediately from your yard daily.
- Environmental Protection: Secure sandboxes, garden areas, and playgrounds to prevent fecal contamination.
- Good Hygiene Practices: Especially for children, thorough handwashing after handling dogs or their feces, and before meals, is crucial.
Consult your veterinarian about year-round parasite preventatives, such as Credelio Quattro.
Roundworms in Dogs FAQs
How long does it take for a dog to get rid of roundworms?
Most dogs can clear a roundworm infection within a few weeks with appropriate treatment. This typically involves multiple doses of deworming medication administered according to a strict schedule.
Can I touch my dog if he has roundworms?
Yes, you can touch your dog if he has roundworms. However, it is vital to wash your hands thoroughly afterward, particularly before eating.
How contagious is roundworm from dog to human?
Roundworm eggs are microscopic and can infect humans if accidentally ingested. Practicing good hygiene when interacting with dogs and ensuring your dog is on a year-round monthly parasite preventative are crucial for preventing transmission.
Do I need to clean my house if my dog has roundworms?
Yes, thorough cleaning is necessary to eliminate roundworm eggs. This includes washing all bedding, routinely bathing your dog to remove eggs from their fur, vacuuming carpets and furniture, and steam cleaning surfaces if possible.
What are the symptoms of a dog having roundworms?
Symptoms can range from none to mild issues like vomiting and diarrhea. Severe signs may include a distended abdomen, thin body condition, unintentional weight loss, a dull coat, coughing, and difficulty breathing.
What kills roundworms in dogs?
Veterinarians prescribe deworming medications administered on a strict schedule to kill roundworms. Additionally, a broad-spectrum parasite preventive given monthly year-round is recommended to prevent reinfection.
References
Ascarid. Companion Animal Parasite Council. Updated February 28, 2025. https://capcvet.org/guidelines/ascarid/
References
WRITTEN BY
Molly Price, DVM
Dr. Molly Price has practiced small animal medicine for over 20 years and is a graduate of Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine. She…
