It’s a common sight for dog owners: your furry friend compulsively licking and chewing their paws, even when you try to redirect their attention with toys or a game. While a quick lick might just be for grooming or a response to mud from a walk, persistent paw-chewing can signal underlying issues. Understanding the root cause is crucial for your dog’s comfort and health. Dr. Valentina Henao, a veterinarian and medical director at Veterinary Emergency Group (VEG) in Miami, explains that the reasons can range from common nuisances like fleas or allergies to more serious paw injuries.
Common Causes of Excessive Paw Licking and Chewing
Dogs naturally lick their paws for various reasons, including self-soothing, cleaning, or simply exploring their environment after an afternoon walk. However, when this behavior becomes excessive – meaning your dog continues to lick and chew despite distractions and to the point of self-harm – it warrants a closer examination. It’s essential to collaborate with your veterinarian to pinpoint the exact cause and implement a prompt solution.
1. Injuries or General Pain
Aggressive paw licking or chewing can be a clear indicator of pain or injury. If your dog is experiencing discomfort from a cut, sting, or other trauma, you might also notice signs like limping, reluctance to use stairs, or a general decrease in activity. For instance, if you suspect a bee sting, carefully check for an embedded stinger. “We must remove stingers that can cause allergic reactions and make your pets sick,” advises Dr. Henao. Prompt veterinary diagnosis and treatment are vital for any suspected injury.
2. Allergies
Allergies are a frequent culprit behind excessive paw licking, as they can manifest as skin infections, hot spots, and ear infections on the paws and other body parts. Identifying the specific allergen can be complex, as triggers can include environmental factors, food sensitivities, or flea saliva.
Dr. Henao outlines a comprehensive approach to managing allergies, which may involve allergy medications, injections, topical treatments, and medicated shampoos. Dietary changes might also be necessary. For dogs with food intolerances, a limited ingredient diet, such as Blue Buffalo Basics Skin & Stomach Care Adult Salmon & Potato Recipe Dry Dog Food or Blue Buffalo Basics Skin & Stomach Grain-Free Formula Dry Dog Food, could be beneficial. Veterinary-prescribed diets featuring novel or hydrolyzed proteins are typically recommended for true food allergies. If flea allergies are suspected, consistent use of a vet-recommended flea and tick preventative is crucial. In cases of infection secondary to allergies, topical and oral medications, along with a recovery cone to prevent further licking, may be prescribed.
3. Fleas and Ticks
Parasites like fleas and ticks are common culprits that trigger itching, licking, and biting in dogs. These pests thrive in various environments dogs frequent, including bedding, carpets, and outdoor areas like soil and tall grasses. A thorough physical inspection using a flea comb can help detect their presence. Flea infestations are often identified by the sight of small, moving insects on the skin or by the presence of black specks, known as flea dirt. Ticks tend to hide between the toes, under the legs, and behind the ears. If you find a tick, use tweezers to carefully remove it by grasping its base as close to the dog’s skin as possible. It’s crucial to ensure the entire tick, including its mouthparts, is removed to prevent potential skin infections. A specialized tick spoon can be very effective for complete removal. Thankfully, preventing and treating flea and tick infestations is straightforward with a vet-recommended flea and tick preventative medication for dogs. Consult your veterinarian to determine the most suitable option for your dog.
4. Arthritis
Arthritis is a prevalent condition among older dogs, affecting not only major joints like the hips and legs but also the toes. This progressive disease involves the breakdown of joint cartilage, resulting in pain, inflammation, and impaired mobility in the affected paws or limbs. Fortunately, several strategies can help alleviate discomfort and improve your dog’s movement. Low-impact exercises and physical therapy can help maintain joint flexibility and reduce pain. Your veterinarian may also prescribe anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving medications, depending on the severity of the arthritis.
5. Behavioral Issues
Similar to humans, pets can experience behavioral and mental health challenges that require professional support from a veterinarian or a veterinary behaviorist, according to Dr. Henao. Even after addressing underlying medical conditions, a dog might continue to lick and chew their paws due to boredom, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive behaviors. Addressing these issues often involves behavior modification techniques, environmental enrichment, and sometimes medication.
Veterinary Consultation for Paw Licking
While persistent paw licking isn’t typically a veterinary emergency, seeking professional help is advisable if your dog exhibits any of the following signs:
- Bleeding from the paws
- Swollen paws
- Limping
- Discharge, such as pus, indicating infection
- Vocalizations like whimpering or crying when paws are touched
It is crucial to work with your veterinarian to identify the cause of paw licking so it can be treated promptly. Dr. Henao warns that untreated causes can escalate into more severe problems. “Paw licking can lead to bacterial infections of the paws called pododermatitis,” she states. “This condition can be painful and lead to infections that can be hard to treat.” Early detection and intervention can lead to a simpler and more effective solution.
