Liberty training in horses, often perceived as a gentle and intimate form of horsemanship, is frequently misunderstood. While it conjures images of a deep bond and complete freedom for the equine partner, the reality is more nuanced. This approach to training, where horses perform complex maneuvers without traditional equipment like reins or halters, is captivating to observers. However, it’s crucial to understand that “liberty” in this context does not equate to a horse’s absolute freedom to choose its actions. Instead, it typically refers to the absence of visible training aids. True liberty training, in the sense of a horse having unrestricted choice, is a myth.
The allure of liberty training often stems from the belief that it signifies a gentle method and a profound connection between horse and human. Yet, it’s essential to recognize that all liberty training ultimately originates from non-liberty methods. To achieve a reasonable level of performance from a horse, especially beyond simply responding to a lead, initial training often involves the use of conventional equipment. Without these foundational techniques, training wild horses within their natural herds without any form of restraint would be an impossible feat.
Observing videos of horses worked at liberty, whether ridden bareback without headgear or directed from the ground without ropes, is a common experience. Trainers may employ tools such as whips, flags, and food rewards, or they may rely solely on their presence and movement. These performances, whether in contained arenas or vast open spaces, and involving single horses or multiple equines, showcase a seemingly limitless array of maneuvers, from intricate flying changes to synchronized galloping on a beach. The public’s reaction is often one of awe, attributing such feats to an extraordinary bond that negates the need for control equipment.
The Positives of Liberty Training
One of the most significant benefits of working a horse at liberty is its ability to expose our shortcomings as trainers. When errors occur during liberty training, especially in the initial stages, they are glaringly obvious to everyone. While experienced horses may compensate for trainer mistakes by falling back on learned routines in later stages, a horse still learning its cues will quickly unravel when the trainer falters. This transparency, though potentially humbling, offers invaluable learning opportunities.
Furthermore, liberty training is undeniably fun for the human involved. While it’s debatable whether it’s inherently more enjoyable for the horse than other training methods, the sheer enjoyment derived by the handler is a significant factor. Given that working with horses is intended to be a pleasurable experience, this aspect of liberty work is a considerable advantage.
A minor, yet practical, benefit is the reduced wear and tear, as well as the lower expense, on training equipment. For individuals who may not possess high-quality or extensive gear, this can be a welcome advantage, although it may be less significant for those with well-equipped stables.
The Downsides and Misconceptions
Despite its appealing aspects, liberty work presents considerable downsides. In my experience, it is uncommon to witness horses that appear truly content and well-managed during liberty sessions. This contentment is rare even when equipment is used, and becomes almost unseen when it is absent.
The core issue often lies in the focus on obedience at the expense of the horse’s emotional state. Liberty training inherently demands a high degree of obedience due to the lack of external aids to enforce it. This can lead trainers to prioritize the execution of movements over the horse’s underlying feelings. When traditional equipment, which provides clarity and aids in communication, is removed, two potential problems arise.
Firstly, the emphasis on obedience can inadvertently lead to a neglect of the horse’s emotional well-being, valuing the movement more than the horse’s state of mind. Secondly, while the absence of gear magnifies a trainer’s mistakes, it also complicates the process of correcting a horse’s errors. Corrective actions can become less subtle and more challenging to implement effectively, often focusing on micromanaging physical movements rather than addressing the underlying thought process.
A common assertion made by those impressed with liberty training is that “the horse could run away if he didn’t like it.” This statement, however, reveals a misunderstanding of equine psychology and training. It’s not simply a matter of humans anthropomorphizing horses; it’s often a failure to think critically about the training process itself.
The ability to ride and direct horses stems from training that makes their minds highly receptive and adaptable. This malleability allows us to convince them of various concepts, including the idea that they are as constrained in their performance at liberty as they would be with the harshest bits, spurs, ropes, or fences. Horses are generally compliant and eager to please, which is why they have been ridden and utilized for work and military purposes for centuries. They can be trained to feel confined and committed to a task, even without visible aids, just as effectively as when our will is imposed through equipment.
Maintaining High Standards
It is important to assert that not all liberty training is abusive, just as not all non-liberty training is abusive. However, there is no inherent quality in liberty training that warrants blind admiration. Poor training practices or riding should not be excused simply because they are performed at liberty. The effectiveness and ethical standard of liberty work must be judged by the same rigorous criteria applied to traditional training methods.
Ultimately, a trainer who can elicit a relaxed and balanced trot or canter from a horse, regardless of whether the horse is wearing gear or not, is far more impressive than one who has taught a horse flashy but incorrect movements accompanied by signs of worry, all performed without any equipment. The focus should always remain on the horse’s welfare and understanding, irrespective of the training method employed.
