Kennel cough, medically known as canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD), is a common and highly contagious respiratory infection affecting dogs. It is frequently observed in dogs that have recently been in close contact with other canines, such as those who have boarded, attended doggy daycare, or undergone grooming at facilities with multiple animal clients. The primary symptom is a distinctive honking cough that can linger for several weeks. While not transmissible to humans, kennel cough spreads rapidly among dogs. Vaccinating against kennel cough is advisable, especially for dogs with regular exposure to other animals.
What is Kennel Cough?
Kennel cough is an infectious disease that affects a dog’s respiratory system. It is characterized by a persistent, honking cough that can sometimes be mistaken for choking or gagging. While many cases resolve on their own without intensive veterinary intervention, prompt diagnosis and supportive care are crucial for a swift recovery and to prevent potential complications, particularly in vulnerable populations like puppies and senior dogs.
Symptoms of Kennel Cough in Dogs
The most recognizable symptom of kennel cough is a forceful, honking cough. However, other signs may accompany it, indicating a broader respiratory distress. These can include:
- A dry, hacking cough, often described as sounding like a goose’s honk.
- Runny nose or eyes.
- Sneezing.
- Lethargy or a noticeable decrease in energy levels.
- Loss of appetite in some cases.
A video recording of your dog coughing can be very helpful for your veterinarian in diagnosing the condition.
Causes of Kennel Cough in Dogs
Kennel cough is not caused by a single agent but rather a complex of various viruses and bacteria that can infect a dog simultaneously. Some of the commonly identified pathogens linked to kennel cough include:
- Canine respiratory coronavirus
- Canine adenovirus type 2
- Canine parainfluenza virus
- Canine distemper virus
- Bordetella bronchiseptica (a bacterium)
These pathogens spread easily through airborne particles when an infected dog coughs. Contaminated food and water bowls, shared living spaces, and even human contact between an infected and a healthy dog can facilitate transmission. Dogs of any age, breed, or gender are susceptible. However, brachycephalic breeds, such as Pugs, French Bulldogs, and English Bulldogs, may experience more severe symptoms due to their naturally compromised airways. High-risk environments include boarding kennels, grooming salons, and doggy daycares where dogs are housed in close proximity.
Diagnosis by Veterinarians
Veterinarians typically diagnose kennel cough based on a dog’s medical history and observable clinical signs. Encouragingly, a veterinarian may prescribe cough medication, such as Cough Tablets, to help alleviate your dog’s discomfort and promote restful sleep. In many instances, additional treatment beyond supportive care is not required. However, if your dog exhibits signs of a bacterial infection, such as greenish-yellow nasal discharge, lethargy, or a reduced appetite, antibiotics like doxycycline may be prescribed. Fortunately, kennel cough is generally curable and typically resolves within 10 to 14 days with adequate rest.
Treatment and Management of Kennel Cough
The primary treatment for kennel cough focuses on supportive care to help the dog recover comfortably. This can include:
- Cough suppressants: Your veterinarian may prescribe medication to reduce the frequency and intensity of coughing, allowing your dog to rest better.
- Antibiotics: If a bacterial infection is suspected or confirmed, antibiotics will be administered.
- Rest: Ensuring your dog gets plenty of rest is crucial for their immune system to fight off the infection.
- Hydration and Nutrition: Maintaining adequate fluid intake and encouraging a healthy appetite are vital. Probiotics, such as Purina FortiFlora or Nutramax Proviable, can support gut health and the immune system during recovery.
- Steam Therapy: Inhaling steam, for example, by having your dog in the bathroom during your shower, can help soothe irritated airways and ease coughing.
It is essential to isolate infected dogs from healthy ones for at least two weeks after the coughing subsides to prevent further spread. Owners should closely monitor their dog’s condition, especially puppies and senior dogs, who are at a higher risk of developing complications. If your dog shows severe symptoms like difficulty breathing, changes in nasal discharge, or extreme lethargy, consult your veterinarian immediately.
Prevention of Kennel Cough
Preventing kennel cough involves a combination of vaccination and minimizing exposure to infected dogs.
Vaccination
The Bordetella vaccine is available to protect against Bordetella bronchiseptica, a common cause of kennel cough. While this vaccine can significantly reduce the risk of infection, it does not offer complete protection against all pathogens that cause the disease.
Avoiding Exposure
The most effective way to prevent kennel cough is to limit your dog’s exposure to environments where multiple dogs congregate. This includes:
- Doggy Daycares and Boarding Facilities: Choose reputable facilities that require proof of vaccination, including the Bordetella vaccine, and maintain high standards of hygiene. Consider using in-home pet-sitting services as an alternative to traditional boarding.
- Dog Parks and Public Spaces: Be mindful of crowded dog parks and areas where sick dogs may have been present.
Frequently Asked Questions About Kennel Cough
How is kennel cough treated in dogs?
Kennel cough is primarily managed with supportive care, including cough suppressants. Antibiotics may be necessary in some cases, especially if a bacterial infection is present.
Can kennel cough resolve on its own?
Yes, kennel cough often resolves on its own within 10 to 14 days with rest and supportive care.
What are the initial signs of kennel cough?
The most common initial sign is a distinctive honking cough.
Is kennel cough contagious to humans?
No, kennel cough is not contagious to humans. However, it is highly contagious among dogs.
When should I take my dog to the vet for kennel cough?
You should consult your veterinarian if your dog exhibits severe symptoms such as lethargy, difficulty breathing, colored nasal discharge, or a productive cough. Puppies and senior dogs are more susceptible to complications, so seeking veterinary advice is crucial if they show any signs of kennel cough.
