Emotional Support Dogs (ESAs) offer invaluable comfort and improve the quality of life for individuals managing mental health conditions. While ESAs don’t require specialized task training like service dogs, proper obedience and house training are crucial for their well-being and your landlord’s approval. This guide will explore the essential training aspects for your ESA, ensuring they are a well-behaved companion at home and in public.
The Importance of Training for Emotional Support Dogs
While the Fair Housing Act (FHA) generally requires landlords to accommodate ESAs, a poorly behaved dog can lead to disruptions and potential eviction. Obedience training ensures your ESA is safe, well-behaved, and prevents issues like excessive barking. This training strengthens your bond and sets clear expectations for your dog’s conduct.
Essential Training for Your Emotional Support Dog
While no specific tasks are mandated for ESAs, fundamental obedience and house training are vital. These skills ensure your dog is a well-adjusted companion, whether at home or accompanying you to various places.
1. Mastering Potty Training
Potty training is a foundational step for any dog, including ESAs. Consistency is key. Establish a regular schedule, taking your dog to the same spot each time, and offer generous rewards for successful outdoor potty breaks. For puppies, remember their limited bladder control: approximately one hour per month of age during the day, and double that at night.
2. Teaching Basic Commands: Sit and Down
“Sit” is often an easy command for dogs to learn as it’s a natural position. To teach it, hold a treat near your dog’s nose and move it slightly upward and back over their head as you say “sit.” Reward with praise and a treat once they comply. Once “sit” is mastered, you can progress to “down.” Using a similar treat-luring method, move the treat from their nose downwards towards the floor, saying “down.” Reward any head drop or tendency to lie down, gradually working towards a full down-stay.
3. Instilling Reliability with Stay and Come
With a reliable “sit,” teaching “stay” becomes the next logical step. Ask your dog to sit, then slowly step back while holding your hand out in a “stop” gesture and saying “stay.” Gradually increase the distance and duration, rewarding them for remaining in place. “Come” is the essential command that follows. Use the word “come” enthusiastically, and when they approach you, reward them with a treat and praise.
4. The Crucial “Leave It” Command
For ESAs who will accompany you into public spaces, the “leave it” command is paramount. Start by holding treats in your closed fist. If your dog tries to snatch them, keep your hand closed. Once they back away, offer a different treat as a reward. Progress to placing treats on the floor and repeating the process, introducing the “leave it” cue. This command prevents your dog from ingesting harmful or inappropriate items.
5. Understanding Deep Pressure Therapy (DPT)
Deep Pressure Therapy (DPT) is a technique that can significantly help individuals experiencing anxiety or stress. An ESA can be trained to apply gentle, calming pressure when instructed. For smaller dogs, this might involve leaning their body weight, while larger dogs can use their paws or head. Begin by teaching your dog to get on and off furniture calmly using “up” and “down” cues. Then, guide them into a comfortable position on your lap or body, rewarding them for remaining calm.
Emotional Support Dogs vs. Psychiatric Service Dogs
It’s important to distinguish between Emotional Support Dogs (ESAs) and Psychiatric Service Dogs (PSDs). While both offer mental health support, PSDs undergo specialized training to perform specific tasks related to their handler’s disability. This training, along with legal protections under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA), allows PSDs greater access to public places and air travel. ESAs, on the other hand, are primarily recognized for their presence in the owner’s residence.
Can Any Dog Be an Emotional Support Animal?
Yes, any breed of dog can potentially be an ESA. The key is selecting a dog whose temperament and size are a good match for your lifestyle and needs. While specific breeds are often favored for their inherent traits, the bond and comfort they provide are most important.
Popular ESA Breeds and Their Suitability
- Golden Retriever: Known for their kind, intelligent, and reliable nature, Goldens are excellent for children with autism or PTSD due to their gentleness and sensitivity.
- Chihuahua: Their confident and feisty demeanor, despite their small size, can provide a sense of security for those with anxiety, particularly in social situations.
- Corgi: These active, protective, and playful dogs are loyal and affectionate, making them great companions for individuals dealing with social anxiety, panic disorder, and depression. Their energy also encourages beneficial exercise.
- Cavalier King Charles Spaniel: Often called “comforter spaniels,” they are affectionate, patient, and friendly, offering constant comfort and companionship ideal for those with depression or PTSD.
- Labrador Retriever: Energetic, loyal, and loving, Labs are adaptable ESAs for all ages, providing gentle support for children with ADHD and adults managing various mental health conditions.
Obtaining an Emotional Support Dog Letter
To officially designate your dog as an ESA, you need documentation from a Licensed Mental Health Professional (LMHP). This involves a mental health evaluation confirming your condition and how the dog provides support. The LMHP will then issue an ESA Letter, which serves as official proof. Websites like Pettable offer a streamlined process to connect you with qualified professionals and obtain your ESA letter.
Online Training Resources
For those looking to train their own ESAs, online resources provide structured guidance. Programs often cover basic obedience, socialization, and specific needs for ESAs or PSDs. These self-paced video lessons, led by professional trainers, equip owners with the knowledge to train their dogs effectively.
Frequently Asked Questions
Where can I find an already-trained emotional support dog?
Since official certification isn’t required for ESAs, focus on reputable breeders or shelters known for well-behaved dogs.
How do I qualify as an emotional support dog trainer?
There are no legal regulations for ESA trainers. Many owners successfully train their own dogs through dedication and consistent effort.
Can I train my own dog to be an ESA?
Absolutely. With commitment and the right guidance, you can train your dog to be a supportive companion.
Does an emotional support dog need to be certified?
Official certification is not a requirement for ESAs. However, ensuring your dog is well-behaved and house-trained is essential for public outings.
Can a puppy be trained to be an ESA?
Yes, puppies are often easier to train than older dogs, as they are more adaptable and less likely to have ingrained behavioral issues.
