Training a small dog can be just as rewarding and, at times, just as challenging as training a larger breed. Often, people underestimate the need for consistent training with smaller dogs, leading to behavioral issues down the line. But with the right approach, patience, and positive reinforcement, you can help your little companion become a well-behaved and happy member of your family. This guide will walk you through the essential steps of training a small dog, covering everything from basic obedience to addressing common behavioral quirks.
The journey of dog ownership is one of companionship, joy, and responsibility. Training is a crucial part of that responsibility, fostering a strong bond between you and your dog while ensuring they integrate smoothly into your life and society. For small dogs, this means understanding their specific needs and tailoring training methods to their size and energy levels. Let’s dive into how you can effectively train your small dog and unlock their full potential.
Understanding Small Dog Training Nuances
Small dogs, despite their size, are just as intelligent and capable of learning as their larger counterparts. However, certain behavioral patterns are more commonly observed in smaller breeds, often stemming from how they are treated by their owners. Sometimes, owners may inadvertently reinforce behaviors like excessive barking or jumping because they find it “cute” in a small dog, whereas they would discourage it in a larger dog.
It’s important to remember that a small dog is still a dog, and they need clear boundaries and consistent training. Over-coddling or a lack of consistent rules can lead to “small dog syndrome,” characterized by aggression, stubbornness, and a general lack of obedience. Our goal is to avoid this by implementing training from day one, treating your small dog with the same respect and consistency you would any other dog.
Essential Training Tools and Supplies
Before you begin, gathering the right tools can make the training process smoother and more effective. For small dogs, it’s important to select equipment that is appropriately sized and comfortable for them.
- Collars and Harnesses: Opt for lightweight collars or harnesses that fit snugly but comfortably. A harness can be particularly beneficial for small dogs as it distributes pressure more evenly, reducing strain on their neck. For puppies or dogs still learning leash manners, a well-fitted harness is often preferred. Consider an extra small dog training collar if you’re looking for specific equipment designed for tiny breeds.
- Leashes: A standard 4-6 foot leash is usually sufficient. Avoid retractable leashes, as they offer less control and can be dangerous for both the dog and the handler.
- Treats: High-value, small, and easily digestible training treats are crucial. These should be something your dog finds particularly motivating. You’ll use these to reward desired behaviors.
- Clicker (Optional): A clicker can be a useful tool for marking desired behaviors precisely. The click sound, followed by a treat, helps your dog understand exactly what action earned them the reward.
- Crate: A crate can serve as a safe den for your dog and is invaluable for house-training and preventing destructive behavior when unsupervised. Ensure the crate is appropriately sized – large enough for them to stand, turn around, and lie down comfortably, but not so large that they can use one end as a toilet.
House-Training Your Small Dog
House-training is often one of the first training priorities. Small dogs can sometimes take a little longer to house-train, but consistency is key. The principles are the same as for larger dogs, with a few considerations for their smaller bladders.
Establishing a Routine
Take your small dog out frequently, especially after waking up, after meals, after playtime, and before bedtime. Young puppies will need to go out every 1-2 hours.
Choosing a Potty Spot
Designate a specific spot in your yard for your dog to eliminate. Take them to this spot every time.
Positive Reinforcement
When your dog successfully eliminates in the designated spot, praise them enthusiastically and give them a high-value treat immediately. This immediate reward is critical for them to associate the act with the positive outcome.
Handling Accidents
If you catch your dog in the act of having an accident indoors, interrupt them with a calm sound (like a clap) and immediately take them outside to their potty spot. If they finish outside, praise and reward them. Never punish your dog for an accident they had when you weren’t present; they won’t understand why they are being punished and it can create fear and anxiety, hindering the training process. Cleaning up accidents thoroughly with an enzymatic cleaner is essential to eliminate odors that might attract them back to the same spot.
There are various effective methods for small dog potty training, and consistency in your routine is the most critical factor for success.
Basic Obedience Training
Once your dog is reliably house-trained, you can move on to basic obedience commands. These commands not only ensure good behavior but also build communication and trust between you and your dog.
Sit
- Hold a treat near your dog’s nose.
- Slowly move the treat up and back over their head, towards their tail.
- As their head follows the treat, their rear end should naturally lower into a sit.
- As soon as their bottom hits the floor, say “Sit,” praise them, and give the treat.
- Repeat several times a day in short, fun sessions.
Stay
Once your dog knows “Sit,” you can introduce “Stay.”
- Ask your dog to “Sit.”
- Hold your hand up in a “stop” signal and say “Stay.”
- Take one step back. If they remain in place, step back towards them, praise, and reward.
- If they move, say “Oops,” and guide them back to their original spot, and try again.
- Gradually increase the distance and duration of the “Stay” command.
Come (Recall)
This is perhaps the most important command for safety.
- Start in a quiet area with minimal distractions.
- Get down on your dog’s level, get their attention, and say their name followed by “Come!” in a happy, inviting tone.
- As they come towards you, offer praise and a high-value treat.
- Never call your dog to you for something unpleasant, like a bath or nail trim, as this can create a negative association with the command.
Down
This command can be taught after “Sit.”
- Ask your dog to “Sit.”
- Hold a treat near their nose and lower it towards the floor between their front paws.
- Slowly slide the treat along the floor, away from them. Your dog should follow the treat into a down position.
- As they lie down, say “Down,” praise, and reward.
Addressing Common Small Dog Behavioral Issues
Small dogs can develop specific behavioral issues that require targeted training.
Excessive Barking
Small dogs often bark to alert, out of boredom, or for attention.
- Identify the trigger: Is it the doorbell, people walking by, or loneliness?
- Teach “Quiet”: When your dog barks, let them bark a few times, then hold a treat near their nose. When they pause to sniff, say “Quiet” and give the treat. Gradually increase the duration they are quiet before rewarding.
- Ignore attention-seeking barking: If your dog barks for attention, do not look at them, speak to them, or touch them until they are quiet for a few seconds. Then, reward the silence.
- Provide mental and physical stimulation: A tired dog is less likely to bark excessively.
Jumping Up
This is often a greeting behavior.
- Ignore the jumping: Turn your back and walk away if your dog jumps on you or guests. Only give attention when all four paws are on the floor.
- Reward calm greetings: When your dog greets you or others calmly, reward that behavior.
- Teach an alternative behavior: Train your dog to sit when greeting people.
Leash Reactivity
Some small dogs can become reactive on leash, barking or lunging at other dogs or people.
- Desensitization and Counter-Conditioning: Gradually expose your dog to triggers at a distance where they don’t react, pairing the sight of the trigger with high-value treats. Slowly decrease the distance as your dog becomes more comfortable.
- Management: Avoid situations that trigger reactivity, especially in the early stages of training.
- Professional Help: If leash reactivity is severe, consult a professional dog trainer or behaviorist.
For specialized needs, resources like finding the best training collar for small dogs can offer additional support.
Socialization: A Critical Component
Proper socialization is vital for all dogs, and small breeds are no exception. Exposing your puppy to a variety of sights, sounds, people, and other well-behaved dogs during their critical developmental period (roughly 3-16 weeks) helps them grow into confident, well-adjusted adults.
- Controlled introductions: Ensure introductions to new people and dogs are positive and controlled.
- Variety of experiences: Safely expose your puppy to different environments, noises (vacuum cleaners, traffic), and surfaces.
- Positive associations: Pair new experiences with treats and praise to create positive associations.
Even older small dogs can benefit from continued socialization. Look for well-run puppy classes or playgroups where dogs are supervised and matched appropriately.
Consistency and Patience: The Golden Rules
No matter the size of your dog, the most crucial elements in successful training are consistency and patience. Every member of the household should be on the same page regarding commands, rules, and rewards. Training takes time, and there will be setbacks. Celebrate small victories, stay positive, and remember that the bond you build through training is invaluable.
By understanding the unique aspects of training small dogs and applying consistent, positive methods, you can cultivate a well-behaved companion who enriches your life for years to come. The effort you invest in training your small dog will pay dividends in a harmonious relationship built on trust and mutual understanding.
