Embarking on the journey of training a horse through various levels requires a structured approach, and the Dressage Pyramid of Training stands as an exemplary model. Developed by the German cavalry and adopted in the 1950s, this framework is not only fundamental for dressage but also applicable across other equestrian disciplines. It is comprised of six essential concepts: rhythm, relaxation, connection, impulsion, straightness, and collection. While each of these can be cultivated at different paces depending on the individual horse and rider, the pyramid serves as a vital reference point for understanding the progression and interactive development from the initial stages of training through ongoing assessment. This systematic approach is utilized by dressage judges for evaluating basic skills in tests, by experienced riders to enhance the productivity of their rides, and by successful trainers to develop horses harmoniously and logically. Furthermore, it proves invaluable as a problem-solving tool, potentially saving considerable time and frustration when bringing a young horse up through the levels, and addressing a common hurdle where riders find themselves stalled at a particular level for extended periods.
The Dressage Pyramid of Training is thoughtfully divided into three overlapping phases, each building upon the preceding one to foster a well-rounded and responsive equine partner.
Phase 1: Accustoming the Horse
The initial phase is centered around rhythm, relaxation, and connection. During this stage, the primary objective is to acclimate the horse to the rider’s presence and the aids used. This foundational phase is also crucial for the daily warm-up, preparing the horse both mentally and physically for the work ahead. It is here that the horse learns to accept the rider, move in a consistent rhythm, and begin to yield to the aids with increasing relaxation. Establishing a reliable connection ensures that the horse is attentive and responsive to the rider’s subtle cues.
Phase 2: Developing Driving Power
Building upon the accustoming phase, the second phase incorporates relaxation, contact, impulsion, and straightness. This stage focuses on developing the driving power originating from the horse’s hind legs. The goal is for the horse to work more powerfully from behind, actively and diligently stepping forward into the bit. This phase is dedicated to versatile gymnastic exercises aimed at cultivating a flexible and athletic horse. By encouraging the hind legs to engage more deeply and propel the horse forward with energy, impulsion is generated. Simultaneously, achieving straightness ensures that the horse’s body is aligned, allowing for more efficient and balanced movement.
Phase 3: Enhancing Carrying Power and Collection
The final phase of the Dressage Pyramid emphasizes impulsion, straightness, and collection. This stage is dedicated to developing the hind legs’ carrying power, enabling the horse to bear more weight on its hindquarters. This is a mandatory prerequisite for achieving true collection and the relative elevation of the forehand, both of which are essential for reaching higher levels in dressage training. While some older texts may refer to elevation as a separate element, in the modern interpretation, it is considered a direct consequence of correct collection, where the carriage of the head and the elevation of the withers are intrinsically linked to the degree of collection achieved.
Training a young horse through the levels is a significant undertaking, often compared to pursuing an advanced degree. It demands dedication, patience, and a deep understanding of equine behavior and training principles. However, the rewards are immense, fostering growth not only as a rider and trainer but also as an individual. This journey, spanning potentially decades, is characterized by its unique challenges and triumphs. The accomplishment of achieving first-place ribbons with young horses, particularly those that began their training journey under one’s guidance, represents some of the most deeply satisfying achievements in an equestrian career.
