As our beloved canine companions enter their golden years, it’s not uncommon for them to develop new health concerns. One of the more distressing symptoms owners may observe is coughing and gagging. While these can be unsettling, understanding the potential causes is the first step toward ensuring your senior dog receives the best possible care. The natural weakening of the immune system and the cumulative effects of aging can contribute to various health issues, including respiratory problems. This guide aims to shed light on some of the most frequent reasons behind coughing and gagging in older dogs, helping you identify when a veterinarian’s attention is necessary.
Infections
With age, a dog’s immune system may not be as robust as it was in its youth, making them more susceptible to infections. These infections can manifest in various ways, including respiratory distress that leads to coughing. Upper respiratory infections, for instance, can irritate the throat and airways, triggering a cough. If you suspect your dog is suffering from an upper respiratory condition and their symptoms don’t improve within a couple of days, it is advisable to consult your veterinarian. Furthermore, if your dog seems particularly prone to infections, discussing vaccine boosters with your vet could be beneficial in strengthening their defenses.
Heart Disease
Several forms of heart disease, such as mitral valve disease and heartworm disease, can lead to a buildup of fluid in a dog’s lungs. This condition, known as pulmonary edema, directly impacts the respiratory system, causing coughing and making it difficult for the dog to breathe comfortably, particularly during rest or at night. Prompt diagnosis and management of heart disease are crucial for improving your dog’s quality of life and longevity.
Cancer
Unfortunately, cancer can affect dogs of any age, and certain types, like lung cancer and lymphoma, can significantly impact their respiratory health. Persistent coughing and changes in breathing patterns, such as ragged breaths, can be early indicators of these serious conditions. If cancer is diagnosed, your veterinarian will discuss appropriate treatment options, which may include radiation or chemotherapy, to manage the disease and improve your dog’s comfort.
Laryngeal Paralysis
The larynx, often referred to as the voice box, plays a critical role in breathing, eating, and drinking. It’s a structure of cartilage and muscle in the throat that normally closes when a dog eats or drinks to prevent food or water from entering the airways, and opens wider to facilitate breathing. In cases of laryngeal paralysis, the nerves that control the laryngeal muscles can deteriorate over time, leading to muscle weakness and relaxation. This can cause the cartilage of the larynx to collapse inward, obstructing airflow and making breathing significantly more difficult. While certain breeds, like Labrador Retrievers, may be predisposed to this condition at a younger age, it commonly affects older, larger dog breeds. Initial symptoms often include shortness of breath, noisy breathing, and coughing.
Tracheal Collapse
The trachea, or windpipe, is the vital tube that connects the mouth and nose to the lungs, allowing air to pass through. This tube is supported by C-shaped rings of cartilage, which help keep it open. In cases of tracheal collapse, these cartilage rings lose their rigidity and flatten, leading to a narrowing or complete closure of the airway. This obstruction makes it considerably harder for your dog to breathe. A characteristic early sign of tracheal collapse can be a distinctive, honking cough, sometimes described as “gooselike.” While smaller breeds such as Shih Tzus and Chihuahuas are more commonly affected by tracheal collapse, it can occur in dogs of all sizes, particularly as they age.
Asthma
Just as humans can experience respiratory issues, dogs can also suffer from conditions like asthma. Asthma in dogs is an allergic reaction that results in inflammation of the airways. This inflammation can cause the smaller airways in the lungs to constrict and spasm, leading to breathing difficulties. Asthma attacks can occur suddenly and without warning, making them challenging to diagnose. If you suspect your dog is experiencing an asthma attack, seeking immediate veterinary care is essential. Recognizing the signs and acting quickly can significantly impact your dog’s well-being.
References:
- VCA Animal Hospitals. Laryngeal Paralysis in Dogs.
- VCA Animal Hospitals. Tracheal Collapse in Dogs.
- PetMD. Can Dogs Have Asthma?
