As dogs age, their bodies naturally undergo changes, including a potential weakening of the immune system and overall bodily functions. This can lead to various health concerns, and for older dogs, coughing and gagging are common symptoms that can worry pet owners. Understanding the potential causes behind these symptoms is crucial for providing timely and appropriate care. This article explores some of the most frequent reasons why older dogs might experience coughing and gagging, helping you determine when a veterinary visit is necessary.
Infections
With age, a dog’s immune system may not be as robust in fighting off infections as it was in their younger years. This increased susceptibility can lead to various illnesses that manifest with coughing. Some common infections in dogs that can cause a cough include:
- Upper Respiratory Infections (URIs): These infections, often caused by bacteria or viruses, inflame the airways, leading to irritation and coughing. If you suspect your dog has an upper respiratory condition and their condition doesn’t improve after a day or two, it’s advised that you call your veterinarian. Also, if your dog seems especially prone to infections, you may want to talk with your vet about scheduling your dog’s vaccine boosters.
Heart Disease
Certain types of heart disease can significantly impact a dog’s respiratory system. Conditions like mitral valve disease and heartworm disease are known to cause fluid to accumulate in the lungs. This buildup, known as pulmonary edema, can lead to persistent coughing and make breathing difficult, particularly noticeable when the dog is resting, such as at night.
Cancer
Cancer is a concern for many aging pets, and lung cancer and lymphoma are among those that can directly affect a dog’s lungs. Symptoms such as ragged breathing and persistent coughing can be early indicators of these serious conditions. If your dog receives a cancer diagnosis, your veterinarian will discuss potential treatment options, which may include radiation or chemotherapy.
Laryngeal Paralysis
The larynx, often called the voice box, plays a critical role in breathing and swallowing. It’s a structure of cartilage and muscle in the throat that normally closes when a dog eats or drinks and opens wider to facilitate breathing. In cases of laryngeal paralysis, the nerves that control the laryngeal muscles can deteriorate over time, leading to muscle relaxation. This relaxation can cause the cartilage to collapse inward, obstructing airflow and making it significantly harder for the dog to breathe. While certain breeds, like Labrador retrievers, can be predisposed to this condition at a younger age, it commonly affects older, larger dogs. Initial symptoms often include shortness of breath, noisy breathing, and coughing.
Tracheal Collapse
The trachea, or windpipe, is the vital airway connecting the mouth and nose to the lungs. This tube is supported by C-shaped rings of cartilage that help maintain its structure and keep it open for unobstructed airflow. When tracheal collapse occurs, these cartilage rings lose their rigidity and flatten, constricting the airway and impeding the dog’s ability to breathe easily. A characteristic early sign of tracheal collapse can be a distinctive, barking “gooselike” cough. While small breed dogs like Shih Tzus and Chihuahuas are more commonly affected, tracheal collapse can impact any dog, especially as they age.
Asthma
Just as humans can experience respiratory issues, dogs of all ages can develop conditions like seasonal allergies. In some instances, dogs can also suffer from asthma, which is essentially an allergic reaction causing inflammation within the dog’s airways. This inflammation can lead to the constriction and spasming of the smaller airways in the lungs, resulting in breathing difficulties. Asthma attacks can occur unexpectedly, making diagnosis challenging. If you suspect your dog is experiencing an asthma attack, seeking immediate veterinary attention is the best course of action.
It’s important to remember that while aging can contribute to some of these conditions, any persistent or severe coughing or gagging in your older dog warrants a professional veterinary evaluation. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve your dog’s quality of life and manage underlying health issues effectively.
