The horse has been an integral part of human civilization for millennia, shaping our history from ancient hunting grounds to the formation of empires and modern societies. This profound and multifaceted relationship necessitates an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the past. This comprehensive volume brings together specialist authors from seventeen countries, offering diverse perspectives on human-horse connections through archaeology, history, classics, art history, literature, and veterinary medicine.
This groundbreaking work provides an overview of key methods, theories, and regional studies, serving as an invaluable resource for scholars seeking to expand their understanding beyond their immediate disciplines or to foster collaborative projects. It is also an excellent starting point for students and non-specialists eager to delve into the rich history of horses.
Part 1: Methodologies for Understanding the Past
Archaeology of the Horse
This section delves into archaeological methods for uncovering the history of horses. It explores how the excavation and analysis of equine remains, along with associated artifacts and environmental data, can shed light on domestication, human use, and the role of horses in past societies.
Advanced Methods in Zooarchaeology
Zooarchaeology, the study of animal remains in archaeological contexts, offers sophisticated techniques for analyzing equine skeletons. These methods provide detailed insights into diet, health, age at death, and butchery practices, contributing significantly to our understanding of human-horse interactions.
Art History for Historians and Archaeologists: Using Visual Culture as Source Material
Visual culture, including paintings, sculptures, and other artistic representations, serves as a crucial source of information for historians and archaeologists. Analyzing these depictions can reveal details about horse breeds, tack, training methods, and the cultural significance of horses in different eras.
Methodologies in Classics
The study of classical antiquity offers a wealth of textual and archaeological evidence concerning horses. Methodologies within classics focus on interpreting ancient Greek and Roman texts, inscriptions, and material remains to reconstruct the role of horses in warfare, transportation, and daily life.
Interdisciplinary Research Methods in History: The Example of Medieval Horses in Western Europe
The history of medieval horses in Western Europe exemplifies the power of interdisciplinary research. By combining textual analysis, iconographic studies, and archaeological findings, scholars can build a more complete picture of horse domestication, training, and their impact on society and warfare.
Part 2: The Horse Through the Ages
Horse Domestication and Early Use
The process of horse domestication marked a pivotal moment in human history. This section explores the genetic and archaeological evidence for the earliest domestication of horses and their initial uses, likely for meat and milk, before their widespread adoption for riding and labor.
Horses in Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt had a complex relationship with horses, particularly after their introduction during the New Kingdom. This chapter examines their role in warfare, royal processions, and religious contexts, as well as the artistic and textual evidence that illuminates their presence.
Introducing Horses to Kofun Japan: The Dawn of Equine Culture
The arrival of horses in Kofun Japan, specifically focusing on the Kawachi region, marked the beginning of a significant equine culture. This section investigates the impact of these introductions on Japanese society, military practices, and artistic expression.
Horse and Rider in the Avar Empire
The Avar Empire, flourishing from the late 6th to the early 9th century AD, was heavily reliant on its equestrian prowess. This chapter analyzes the symbiotic relationship between the Avars and their horses, crucial for their military dominance and territorial expansion.
Horses in the Viking Age
Horses played a vital role in the Viking Age, serving in transport, warfare, and as symbols of status. This section explores the archaeological evidence for Viking horses, their breeds, and their integration into the daily lives and expeditions of the Norse people.
The History and Historiography of the Horse in India
The history of horses in India is rich and multifaceted, spanning millennia of interactions and cultural significance. This chapter examines the historical records and historiographical approaches to understanding the diverse roles of horses in Indian society, from ancient times to the colonial era.
Part 3: Working and Living with Horses
Approaches to Researching Horse Training in Medieval Western Europe
Understanding horse training in medieval Western Europe, particularly from the thirteenth to the fifteenth centuries, requires a multidisciplinary approach. This section discusses methodologies for interpreting textual sources, iconographic evidence, and archaeological findings to reconstruct training practices.
The Horse in European Warfare
Throughout European history, the horse has been a decisive element in warfare. This chapter investigates the evolution of cavalry, the strategic importance of horses in battles, and the impact of equestrianism on military tactics and state formation.
History of Equine Veterinary Medicine
The development of equine veterinary medicine is a testament to the long-standing need to care for horses. This section traces the history of understanding and treating equine ailments, from ancient practices to modern scientific advancements.
Hippophagy
Hippophagy, the consumption of horse meat, has a long and varied history across different cultures. This chapter explores the cultural, nutritional, and ethical dimensions of consuming horse meat throughout different periods and regions.
European Women in the Sideways and the Side-saddle
The development of riding styles, such as the sideways and the side-saddle, reflects evolving social norms and the participation of European women in equestrian activities. This section examines the history and cultural implications of these riding practices.
The Horse in Literature – From Status Symbol to Companion
Literary representations of horses have evolved significantly over time, shifting from symbols of power and status to cherished companions. This chapter analyzes how horses have been portrayed in literature, reflecting changing human perceptions and relationships with these animals.
Equestrian Sports Through the Ages
Equestrian sports have a long and storied history, evolving from practical applications like warfare and hunting to organized competitive events. This section explores the origins and development of various equestrian disciplines throughout the ages.
Horses as Cultural Heritage: The Cretan Horse
The Cretan horse represents a unique aspect of cultural heritage. This chapter highlights the distinct characteristics and historical significance of the Cretan horse, exploring its role in the island’s history and traditions.
The interdisciplinary nature of studying the human-horse relationship underscores its profound impact on our shared past. By integrating knowledge from various fields, we gain a deeper appreciation for the indispensable role horses have played in shaping human civilization.
