The Shih Tzu, a charming Tibetan toy breed, was developed centuries ago to be a devoted furry companion. While recognized by the American Kennel Club only in 1969, their history dates back much further. Known as “lion dogs,” these canines were associated with Buddhism and bred to resemble their majestic namesake, historically serving as alert dogs for imperial households with their sharp barks. Over time, their role evolved from guardians to beloved companions, with further breeding involving breeds like Pugs and Pekingese. Today, the Shih Tzu is a small yet active and friendly dog, typically weighing between 9–16 pounds and standing around 10 inches tall. They are characterized by their long, flowing double coat, short muzzle, pronounced underbite, floppy ears, and expressive, round eyes.
Understanding Shih Tzu Temperament and Personality
Shih Tzus are known for their pleasant and energetic disposition, thriving on companionship and generally being sociable with people and other animals of all ages. They prefer not to be left alone for extended periods. To ensure a well-adjusted adult dog, early socialization is key, helping to prevent potential behavioral issues such as excessive barking or destructive digging.
Exercise Requirements for Shih Tzus
While all dogs need exercise, Shih Tzus are typically content with a daily 30-minute walk combined with playtime at home. Due to their brachycephalic (short-nosed) anatomy, it is advisable to use a harness rather than a collar for leash walks to protect their delicate airways.
Grooming Needs of a Shih Tzu
The Shih Tzu’s most defining feature is their long, luxurious double coat, which grows continuously. They are considered a low-shedding breed, often described as “hypoallergenic,” although no breed is entirely free of allergens. This coat is prone to tangling and matting, necessitating regular grooming. Many owners opt for a shorter “puppy cut” to simplify maintenance. If the coat is kept long, weekly brushing and bathing are essential, supplemented by professional grooming appointments every few weeks.
Training and Behavior for Shih Tzus
Shih Tzus are eager to please and generally respond well to positive reinforcement and high-reward treats, making them relatively easy to train. However, it’s important to monitor treat intake to prevent obesity, a common issue in this breed. Their historical role as “alert dogs” means they may bark to signal the presence of newcomers. They can also be curious and may exhibit digging behaviors if left unsupervised. Engaging Shih Tzus in activities like neighborhood walks, indoor play, learning tricks, and cuddling helps keep them mentally and physically stimulated.
Common Shih Tzu Health Concerns
With an average lifespan of 10–18 years, Shih Tzus are generally healthy but predisposed to certain conditions. Their brachycephalic nature increases their risk of overheating and heatstroke, requiring owners to protect them from extreme temperatures.
Brachycephalic Syndrome
This condition involves upper airway abnormalities like narrow nostrils, a long soft palate, collapsing trachea, and excess throat tissue, all of which can impede breathing and contribute to overheating. Surgical intervention may be considered for severe cases in puppies.
Obesity
Due to their less active lifestyle, Shih Tzus are prone to obesity, which can exacerbate other health problems such as diabetes, arthritis, heart disease, and breathing difficulties. A balanced diet with limited treats and consistent daily exercise is crucial.
Luxating Patella
This condition involves the kneecap slipping out of place, causing discomfort and limping. While it may resolve on its own, severe cases might require surgical correction.
Periodontal Disease
The small mouths of Shih Tzus can lead to overcrowded teeth, increasing the risk of tartar and plaque buildup, and subsequent periodontal disease. Regular teeth brushing, professional cleanings, and dental chews can help maintain oral health.
Hip Dysplasia
Improper development of the hip joints can lead to arthritis, pain, and walking difficulties. Diagnosis is typically made via X-rays, and treatment may involve medication, supplements, or surgery.
Eye Problems
Shih Tzus are susceptible to inherited eye conditions such as glaucoma, chronic dry eye, and cataracts, which can cause pain and vision loss. Signs include redness, discharge, cloudiness, and squinting. Prompt veterinary attention is necessary if any eye abnormalities are observed.
Liver Shunts (Portosystemic Shunts)
This liver disease prevents the proper filtering of toxins from the blood, leading to various health issues. Diagnosis often involves blood tests and imaging, with treatment potentially including surgery, medication, or dietary changes.
Ear Infections
The Shih Tzu’s floppy ears and the tendency for hair to grow inside the ear canals can trap moisture, creating an environment conducive to bacterial or fungal infections. Regular ear cleaning with a vet-approved cleaner is recommended.
Kidney Issues
A specific type of inherited kidney disease, glomerulonephritis, can cause protein loss and kidney malfunction in Shih Tzus. Treatment may involve dietary changes, medication, and fluid therapy.
Nutritional Guidance for Shih Tzus
Preventing obesity is key for Shih Tzus, emphasizing a well-balanced diet and controlled treat consumption. A twice-daily feeding of a balanced, small-bite diet is recommended. Opting for dry kibble over canned food can also aid in reducing plaque buildup and the risk of periodontal disease. Specialized diets formulated for small breeds or Shih Tzus are available. Puppies require frequent meals to prevent hypoglycemia, while adult food transition should occur around one year of age. Unless recommended by a veterinarian, dogs consuming AAFCO-compliant food typically do not require additional supplements. Omega fatty acids can support heart, brain, skin, and joint health, while dental chews may help manage periodontal disease.
Shih Tzu Grooming Essentials
Despite being low-shedders, Shih Tzus require diligent grooming.
Skin and Coat Care
Weekly baths are recommended to prevent matting and skin irritation. Daily brushing, ideally with a pin brush or comb, is crucial for maintaining coat health. Regular professional grooming is also beneficial, whether for maintaining a long coat or opting for a shorter style.
Eye and Ear Care
Keeping the hair around the eyes trimmed or tied up prevents irritation. Shih Tzus are prone to tear staining, which can be managed by keeping the eye area clean and dry. Regular cleaning of the ear canals with a vet-approved cleaner helps prevent infections. Hair removal from the ear canal may be recommended by a vet or groomer.
Dental Hygiene
Daily brushing with dog-safe toothpaste is vital. Regular veterinary check-ups are essential for monitoring oral health and scheduling professional cleanings as needed.
Considerations for Prospective Shih Tzu Owners
Potential owners should be prepared to meet the Shih Tzu’s grooming needs and manage their weight. Their affectionate nature means they thrive on companionship, and with proper socialization, they integrate well into various family dynamics.
Frequently Asked Questions About Shih Tzus
- Are Shih Tzus hypoallergenic? While they shed minimally, no dog is truly hypoallergenic. Individuals with allergies should spend time with the breed to assess their reaction.
- How large do Shih Tzus get? They typically weigh 9–16 pounds and stand about 10 inches tall.
- What is the cost of a Shih Tzu? Prices generally range from $1,000–$3,000, though adoption from shelters is also an option.
- Do Shih Tzus shed? They shed less than many other breeds but do shed to some extent.
- What is the lifespan of a Shih Tzu? Their average lifespan is 10–18 years.
- Should I consider a “teacup” Shih Tzu? It is generally advised against due to potential health complications arising from extreme breeding practices.
