When considering the largest horses, breeds that consistently measure over 18 hands high (hh) are the primary contenders. Some individuals within these heavy horse breeds can even surpass 20hh. The definition of the “largest horse ever recorded” can be debated, as records may refer to either height or weight. Historically, the Shire horse Sampson, born in 1846, holds a notable record at 21.2½hh. More recently, the Belgian Draft gelding Big Jake, measured at just under 20.3hh in 2010, was recognized by Guinness World Records.
The five breeds renowned for consistently producing the largest horses are the Shire, Clydesdale, Belgian Draft, Percheron, and Suffolk Punch.
Shire Horse
The Shire horse is celebrated for its impressive height and strength, frequently holding records for being the largest and tallest horse. Traditionally utilized as a draft horse for farm work, pulling heavy loads like brewers’ drays, and towing barges, this British breed remains valuable today. Shires are still employed in forestry, by some traditional breweries for their draft capabilities, and as leisure riding horses. The most notable Shire was Sampson, a 19th-century stallion who stood at 21.2½hh and was later renamed Mammoth.
Shire horse
Clydesdale
Clydesdales typically reach at least 17hh but are generally lighter than other large breeds due to their more refined frame. While known for their height and power, they also possess an elegant appearance and a distinctive high-stepping gait. Originating in Scotland, Clydesdales gained significant popularity in America, largely due to their prominent appearances in Budweiser advertisements. A notable example is Digger, a Clydesdale who measured 19.2hh and was trained as a drum horse for royal parades after being rescued as a foal.
Clydesdale Horse
Belgian Draft
The Belgian Draft horse is recognized as one of the breeds that have held records for the world’s largest horse, though most typically do not exceed 17hh. This breed is particularly acclaimed for its exceptional capacity to pull immense weights, a feat for which they have won numerous championships. Belgian Draft horses were widely exported across Europe and to the United States, where a slightly more compact version is known as the American Brabant. While they can be ridden, their primary uses remain in forestry, farm work, and pulling sledges. Big Jake, a Belgian Draft, holds the record at 20.2¾hh.
Belgian Draft Horse
Percheron
The Percheron, a draft horse breed originating from France, might seem like a surprising inclusion as some individuals can be as small as 15.2hh. However, the majority are significantly taller, and Percherons have historically vied for the title of the biggest horse. They are also among the strongest breeds regarding their pulling power. Historically, they were vital for transport, serving in wars with artillery and soldiers, and in peacetime for stagecoaches, as well as for agricultural tasks. Today, Percherons are utilized in conservation and forestry work and are also popular as riding and driving horses. Dr Le Gear, recorded in 1915 as the world’s biggest horse, stood at 21hh and weighed 2,995lb (1,359kg).
Percheron
Suffolk Punch
The Suffolk or Suffolk Punch, always chestnut in color and historically spelled without the ‘t’, is another established heavy horse breed from Britain, originating in the county of Suffolk. Traditionally used for farm work and transporting artillery during wartime, Suffolk Punches are now also used for riding and driving. They tend to be slightly more compact than the Clydesdale and Shire, typically reaching a maximum of 17hh, although some individuals exceed this. They are powerfully built and are considered the oldest heavy horse breed in Britain, with origins dating back to the 16th century.
Suffolk Punch Horse in full show harness
These magnificent breeds represent the pinnacle of equine size and strength, showcasing a rich history of service and a continued presence in various equine disciplines. From their historical roles in labor and transport to their modern-day applications and status as impressive riding animals, these giants of the horse world continue to captivate with their sheer scale and gentle nature.
