For centuries, dogs have held a special place in human society, not just as companions but often as symbols of status, power, and prestige. Many dog breeds have histories deeply intertwined with royalty and nobility, earning them titles like “royal dog” or becoming the beloved pets of kings, queens, and emperors. From ancient Egypt to European monarchies and Chinese dynasties, these regal canines have graced palaces, accompanied rulers into battle, and even influenced decrees. If you’re searching for a dog breed with king in the name or one with a noble lineage, understanding their rich past can offer a fascinating glimpse into the historical bond between humans and their most loyal companions. This article delves into various dog breeds renowned for their royal connections, exploring their origins and the monarchs who cherished them.
1. Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is a breed indelibly linked with English royalty, particularly with King Charles I and his son, King Charles II, during the 17th century. These elegant dogs were constant companions to these monarchs and popular pets within the courts, frequently appearing in portraits by esteemed artists like Van Dyck and Gainsborough. They gained widespread recognition for their comforting nature and became an essential lapdog for aristocrats and royalty alike. King Charles II was famously devoted to his spaniels, taking them almost everywhere—even to Parliament—and issued a decree that allowed spaniels into public places. This profound royal association bestowed upon the breed its distinguished name and prestigious status, reflecting the intimate relationship it shared with the English throne during the Stuart era.
Young King Charles II of England with his Spaniel by Van Dyck, c. 1600s
2. Shih Tzu
Affectionately known as the “Lion Dog,” the Shih Tzu’s history is deeply woven into the fabric of Chinese imperial tradition. Revered for its noble demeanor and distinctive appearance, the breed’s origins are intrinsically linked to Chinese royalty, serving as a cherished companion to emperors and their families for centuries. The Shih Tzu was particularly favored during the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) and the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912), where they were exclusively bred within the opulent confines of palaces. Dowager Empress Cixi (1861-1908) was a prominent admirer, maintaining an impressive kennel of these esteemed dogs. Tibetan monks often presented Shih Tzus as gifts to emperors, symbolizing good wishes and good fortune. Their resemblance to lions, considered sacred animals associated with Buddha, further solidified their auspicious status within the Imperial courts, with ample evidence in art and literature showcasing their long-standing connection to Chinese royalty. These small, fluffy dogs that don’t shed a lot were truly pets of the highest order.
3. Great Pyrenees
The majestic appearance and gentle nature of the Great Pyrenees made them incredibly popular, especially in France. In 1675, King Louis XIV, impressed by their stately presence and beauty, declared them the Royal Dog of France after they had already established themselves among the French nobility. Queen Victoria of England was also known to have owned a Great Pyrenees, further cementing their royal standing. Beyond their roles as companions, these dogs were primarily valued for their watchful nature, guarding flocks of sheep in the Pyrenees mountains. This protective instinct made them highly sought after by aristocratic classes and royal families across Europe, who appreciated both their regal bearing and their practical utility.
4. Pekingese
With a history spanning over 2,000 years, the Pekingese was deliberately bred as a companion dog for Chinese imperial families. These dogs were considered sacred and their ownership was strictly limited to members of the royal family. Unauthorized possession or harm to a Pekingese was met with severe penalties, including death at one point. It wasn’t until the 19th century, following the Second Opium War, that the breed gained attention in the West. British soldiers brought several Pekingese dogs back to England, one of whom, named Looty, became a pet of Queen Victoria, significantly elevating its status as a “dog royal.” This pompous past solidified the Pekingese as a luxury item and a symbol of nobility in both Chinese and British contexts.
William Bambridge, "Looty the Pekingese". 1865.
5. Saluki
The Saluki is widely recognized as the “Royal Dog of Egypt,” with its origins deeply rooted in the aristocracy and pharaohs of ancient Egypt. This breed was highly prized by Egyptian rulers; depictions of Salukis frequently appear in ancient Egyptian tombs, illustrating their companionship not only in life but also in the afterlife. Many Salukis were even mummified alongside their owners, signifying the profound respect they commanded as sacred animals. Beyond their role as royal companions, they were valued by Bedouin tribes for their exceptional hunting skills, subsequently becoming symbols of status and wealth among the nobility. Traces of Salukis dating back as early as 7000–6000 BCE are found on various artifacts and artwork, revealing a multi-generational attachment of this noble breed to royalty and high social class.
Dogs of King Antef from ancient Egyption relief from 2323 BC. to 2134 BC.
6. Pembroke Welsh Corgi
The Pembroke Welsh Corgi is perhaps one of the most famously associated dog breeds with modern royalty, thanks to Queen Elizabeth II. During her reign, the Queen owned more than 30 Corgis. She received her first Pembroke Corgi, Susan, as an 18th birthday present in 1944. Susan was so cherished that she even accompanied the then-Princess Elizabeth on her honeymoon. Queen Elizabeth II played a significant role in popularizing the breed and elevating its status to that of a royal companion throughout her lifetime. This created an unforgettable trademark, intimately linking the Pembroke Welsh Corgi to the British monarchy. This association persisted since her ascension to the throne in 1952, and in popular opinion, these canines have become almost symbolic of her reign. If you are looking for bigger dogs that don’t shed a lot, Corgis are generally moderate shed.
7. Greyhound
The Greyhound stands as one of humanity’s oldest known dog breeds, with origins tracing back to ancient Egypt, where they were revered as gods and exclusively owned by royalty. The loss of a Greyhound was mourned almost as deeply as the death of a family member. Historical records also note ownership by Egyptian Pharaohs, and they are prominently featured in Greek and Roman art and mythology. It is also recorded that Alexander the Great had a beloved Greyhound named Peritas. These historical mentions underscore the high esteem in which Greyhounds were held within royal courts across various civilizations throughout history.
8. Japanese Chin
The Japanese Chin is a charming dog breed primarily associated with Japanese royalty, where it was refined to be an exclusive companion for the nobility. The ancestors of this breed were first introduced to Japanese royalty by Chinese emperors around 520 A.D., brought by Buddhist monks. It quickly became a favorite within the imperial court, serving as a symbol of nobility. The breed’s global popularity received a significant boost when Queen Alexandra of Britain received a Japanese Chin, helping to spread its appeal worldwide. In ancient times, only the royal court and nobles were permitted to own Japanese Chins, cementing its status as a dog exclusively for the upper echelons of society.
9. Pharaoh Hound
Among the oldest dog breeds, the Pharaoh Hound traces its roots back to ancient Egypt, particularly among royal families. With a history spanning over 5,000 years, the breed is aptly named for its direct association with the Pharaohs of Egypt. These elegant dogs appeared in numerous ancient Egyptian art forms, such as tomb wall paintings, reinforcing their high status in society. Other similar hunting hounds were owned by pharaohs like Tutankhamen and Cleopatra. Today, the Pharaoh Hound holds the distinction of being Malta’s national dog and remains a “noble” and popular breed, celebrated for its stately bearing, its unique blushing face, and its exceptional hunting prowess.
10. Bichon Frise
The Bichon Frise rose to prominence in royal courts throughout Europe during the Renaissance, particularly in France. Its popularity surged under King Francis I in the 16th century and later under King Henry III, who adored these charming dogs and famously had them carried around in special baskets. The breed’s connection to royalty extends further to Queen Victoria and the favored pets of King Louis XIV. Bichons were considered ideal companions to nobility in royal courts across Spain and Italy. This breed perfectly embodied the charm and affectionate companionship desired by aristocrats, solidifying its indulgent status in royal history. These breeds of dog that don’t shed were perfectly suited for royal indoor living.
Léontine Lemée – Bichon sur un coussin vert. 1887.
11. Poodle
The Poodle has long been considered a dog associated with royalty, especially in France. King Louis XIV, famously known as the “Sun King,” owned a Poodle named Filou, which was regarded as quite the luxury pet of its time. In the 17th century, the breed gained immense favor with the French nobility, further solidifying its image as one of grace and refinement. During the English Civil War, Prince Rupert of the Rhine had a renowned Poodle named Boye, who shared his battles and further enhanced the breed’s reputation among royalty. The Poodle’s history illustrates its status and respect due to its consistent service as both a companion and a fashionable accessory to the upper class, particularly within French high society.
Boye, Poodle of Prince Rupert of the Rhine, Attributed to Louise Hollandine of the Palatinate. 1643.
12. Pug
The origins of the Pug can be traced back to ancient China, where they were specifically bred for companionship to the royalties of the era, particularly Chinese emperors. These dogs were often treasured possessions, living in luxury and even guarded. Their popularity spread to European aristocracy when they were introduced to the continent in the 16th century, becoming especially prominent in the Netherlands, where they were declared the official dog of the House of Orange. One of the most memorable historical events involving a Pug was when one named Pompey famously saved the life of William the Silent, a key figure in the Dutch struggle for independence, thereby cementing the breed’s strong ties with royalty.
13. Maltese
The Maltese breed boasts a history spanning thousands of years, having been consistently favored by royalty and the aristocracy. Queen Elizabeth I cherished a Maltese as her companion dog during her reign (1558-1603), while Mary Queen of Scots remained devoted to her Maltese dogs throughout her tumultuous life (1542-1567). Queen Victoria also owned Maltese companions. The deep historical connection of the Maltese to ancient civilizations is evident, with records showing they were highly valued by Greeks and Romans, who even constructed elaborate tombs for them. This graceful breed has always been synonymous with elegance, decadence, and glamour, maintaining its popularity among the aristocracy through the ages.
14. Chihuahua
Chihuahuas hold a significant association with the ancient royalty of the Aztecs, who kept these tiny dogs as cherished companions and called them Techichi. Beyond being treasured pets of the nobility, they were also believed to play crucial religious roles, particularly concerning companionship in the afterlife. Upon the death of their owners, it was a common practice to sacrifice Chihuahuas and bury them alongside their human companions, a tradition that epitomized their regarded stature in ancient Mexican culture. While not explicitly having “king” in their name, their imperial connection is undeniable. These dogs represent some of the smallest breed of dog in the world with a regal history.
15. Yorkshire Terrier
The Yorkshire Terrier originated in the county of Yorkshire, England, during the 19th-century Industrial Revolution. These terriers were initially brought into England by Scottish workers and were first employed for ratting in textile mills. However, their diminutive size, distinctive appearance, and spirited character soon endeared them to the high classes, particularly during the Victorian era. They became a rare favorite with British royalty and nobility, quickly transitioning from working dogs to active toy companions and eventually the favored lapdogs of the aristocracy. Such an association with wealth and luxury firmly established them as part of royal history and a symbol of privilege and affection within royal households.
From the ancient pharaohs to European monarchs, the connection between humans and these distinguished dog breeds is a testament to their enduring appeal and intrinsic value. Whether a dog breed with “king” in its name or simply one with a regal past, these canines have truly earned their place in royal history. They continue to captivate and charm, offering a glimpse into the lavish lives of the world’s most influential figures. Explore more about dog breeds and their fascinating histories on our website!
