Understanding DNA and Health Testing for Dogs: The Ultimate Guide

In the journey of caring for our beloved canine companions, knowledge truly is power. For discerning dog owners, responsible breeders, and anyone deeply invested in canine well-being, understanding a dog’s genetic makeup is a profound step towards ensuring a healthier, happier life. This is where comprehensive Dna And Health Test For Dogs come into play, offering invaluable insights into inherited conditions, breed predispositions, and even unique physical traits. These advanced genetic screenings provide a roadmap to proactive care, informed breeding decisions, and a deeper connection to our furry friends.

The American Kennel Club (AKC) DNA + Health Kit exemplifies a gold standard in canine genetic testing, offering a comprehensive suite of analyses designed to uncover vital information about your dog’s heritage and potential health vulnerabilities. This guide delves into the extensive range of genetic markers included in such kits, explaining their significance and how these powerful tools can shape the future of dog health.

What a Comprehensive DNA and Health Test Offers

A robust dna and health test for dogs, such as the AKC DNA + Health Kit, provides a multi-faceted view of your dog’s genetic blueprint. It’s more than just a paternity test; it’s a deep dive into the genetic predispositions that can influence their entire life.

Specifically, these kits typically include:

AKC DNA Profile of 201 Markers: This profile establishes a unique genetic identity for your dog, crucial for accurate parentage verification and identification purposes. It’s like a genetic fingerprint, confirming your dog’s lineage with precision.
Over 328 Genetic Variants for Health and Traits: This extensive panel screens for a wide array of inherited diseases and physical characteristics, providing critical information for both individual dog care and responsible breeding strategies.

Results are delivered by trusted service providers, adhering to the highest industry standards, ensuring accuracy and reliability. Customers typically receive two detailed PDF reports: one outlining the AKC DNA Profile for genetic identity, and another comprehensively detailing the genetic health and trait results. For those looking for general preventative care, understanding potential health challenges can be a game-changer, sometimes even informing the need for at home treatment for mites on dogs or other common ailments, by understanding overall health resilience.

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Why Breed-Specific Testing Matters

While a comprehensive dna and health test for dogs covers a broad spectrum of genetic markers, it’s important to acknowledge that some genetic tests are highly breed-specific. The AKC DNA + Health Kit includes a vast number of markers applicable to many breeds. However, the AKC DNA Program often recommends that breeders also perform additional DNA tests specifically relevant to their particular breed, as some Parent Clubs identify unique genetic concerns not included in every universal panel.

For detailed information on breed-specific recommendations, it’s always advisable to consult resources like the AKC’s Breed-Specific DNA Test Recommendations, which can guide breeders and owners in tailoring their genetic testing strategy for optimal health outcomes. This ensures that every potential genetic vulnerability unique to a breed is thoroughly investigated.

Comprehensive Health Tests Included in the AKC DNA + Health Kit

The AKC DNA + Health Kit screens for a remarkable number of genetic variants associated with various inherited health conditions across many breeds. Understanding these predispositions allows for early intervention, informed veterinary care, and responsible breeding to minimize the incidence of these diseases.

Below is an exhaustive list of health tests often included, categorized by the primary system affected:

Neurological Disorders

Acral Mutilation Syndrome (AMS, SN): Associated with an inherited neurological disease leading to insensitivity to pain, causing self-mutilation and injuries to paws.
Adult Paroxysmal Dyskinesia (PxD, cPxD): Characterized by episodes of abnormal posture and movement; this variant is associated with Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers.
Alaskan Husky Encephalopathy (AHE): An inherited neurological disease caused by severe thiamine deficiency in Alaskan Huskies.
Alaskan Malamute Polyneuropathy (AMPN): A progressive, inherited, neuromuscular disease in Alaskan Malamutes, causing hind limb weakness and laryngeal problems. Recommended by the Alaskan Malamute AKC Parent Club.
Ataxia (Norwegian Buhund Type): An inherited, progressive neurological disease resulting in uncoordinated movement.
Benign Familial Juvenile Epilepsy (BFJE): An inherited neurological disease in Lagotto Romagnolo dogs, causing seizures and sometimes ataxia at a young age. Recommended by the Lagotto Romagnolo AKC Parent Club.
Canine Multiple System Degeneration (Chinese Crested Type) (CMSD): A progressive inherited neurological disease in Chinese Crested dogs, causing tremors and abnormal gait.
Canine Multiple System Degeneration (Kerry Blue Terrier Type) (CMSD, PNA): A progressive inherited neurological disease in Kerry Blue Terriers, causing tremors and abnormal gait.
Cerebellar Ataxia (Finnish Hound Type): Associated with an early-onset, inherited cerebellar ataxia in Finnish Hounds, involving the SEL1L gene.
Cerebellar Ataxia 1 (Belgian Shepherd Type): Associated with an early-onset, inherited cerebellar ataxia in Belgian Shepherds, involving the KCNJ10 gene.
Cerebellar Ataxia 2 (Belgian Shepherd Type): Associated with an early-onset, inherited cerebellar ataxia in Belgian Shepherds, involving the ATP1B2 gene.
Cerebellar Cortical Degeneration: Associated with an inherited, progressive neurological disease in Vizslas, involving the SNX14 gene.
Cerebellar Degeneration (HA, CA): Associated with an inherited, progressive neurological disease in Gordon Setters and Old English Sheepdogs, involving the RAB24 gene. Recommended by the Old English Sheepdog AKC Parent Club.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease: An inherited neurological disease leading to megaesophagus and laryngeal paralysis.
Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome (Golden Retriever Type): An inherited neuromuscular disease affecting Golden Retrievers, causing progressive weakness and collapse, involving the COLQ gene.
Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome (Jack Russell Terrier Type) (CMS): An inherited neuromuscular disease causing progressive weakness and collapse, involving the CHRNE gene.
Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome (Labrador Retriever Type) (CMS): An inherited neuromuscular disease causing progressive weakness and collapse, involving the COLQ gene.
Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome (Old Danish Pointer Type) (CMS): An inherited neuromuscular disease affecting Old Danish Pointers, causing progressive weakness and collapse, involving the CHAT gene.
Dandy-Walker-Like Malformation: An inherited neurological disease affecting the cerebellum, resulting in tremors and abnormal gait.
Degenerative Myelopathy (DM): An inherited neurological disorder caused by SOD1 gene mutations, displaying incomplete penetrance. Tests for Bernese Mountain Dog Variant, Common Variant, and Pembroke Welsh Corgi Modifier. Recommended by multiple AKC Parent Clubs including Bergamasco, Bernese Mountain Dog, Borzoi, Boxer, Cardigan Welsh Corgi, Chesapeake Bay Retriever, Finnish Lapphund, Puli, Pumi, Saint Bernard.
Early-Onset Epilepsy (Parson Russell Terrier Type): An inherited neurological disease causing seizures in puppyhood.
Episodic Falling Syndrome (EDFS): An inherited condition characterized by muscle spasticity. Optional for Cavalier King Charles Spaniel AKC Parent Club.
Exercise-Induced Collapse (EIC): An inherited neuromuscular disorder causing collapse after exercise. Recommended by Boykin Spaniel, Chesapeake Bay Retriever, Curly-Coated Retriever, Labrador Retriever, Old English Sheepdog AKC Parent Clubs.
Fucosidosis: An inherited neurological, lysosomal storage disease in English Springer Spaniels.
Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy (Irish Setter Type) (GLD): An inherited neurological, lysosomal storage disease in Irish Setters, involving the GALC gene.
Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy (Terrier Type) (GLD): An inherited neurological, lysosomal storage disease in terriers, involving the GALC gene. Recommended by the Cairn Terrier AKC Parent Club.
GM1 Gangliosidosis (Alaskan Husky Type): An inherited neurological, lysosomal storage disorder in Alaskan Huskies, involving the GLB1 gene.
GM1 Gangliosidosis (Portuguese Water Dog Type): An inherited neurological, lysosomal storage disorder in Portuguese Water Dogs, involving the GLB1 gene. Recommended by the Portuguese Water Dog AKC Parent Club.
GM1 Gangliosidosis (Shiba Inu Type): An inherited neurological, lysosomal storage disorder in Shiba Inu, involving the GLB1 gene.
GM2 Gangliosidosis (Japanese Chin Type): An inherited neurological, lysosomal storage disorder in Japanese Chin, involving the HEXA gene. Recommended by the Japanese Chin AKC Parent Club.
GM2 Gangliosidosis (Poodle Type): An inherited neurological, lysosomal storage disorder in Poodles, involving the HEXB gene.
GM2 Gangliosidosis (Shiba Inu Type): An inherited neurological, lysosomal storage disorder in Shiba Inu, involving the HEXB gene.
Greyhound Polyneuropathy: A progressive, inherited, neuromuscular disease affecting Greyhounds, causing hind limb weakness and laryngeal problems. Recommended by the Greyhound AKC Parent Club.
Hereditary Ataxia (Australian Shepherd Type): An inherited, progressive, neurological disease causing uncoordinated movement (ataxia), involving the PNPLA8 gene.
Hypomyelination (Weimaraner Type) (HYM, HS): Dogs develop tremors within their first weeks of age due to this inherited neurological disease. Recommended by the Weimaraner AKC Parent Club.
Inflammatory Myopathy (Shepherd Type): A severe, inherited muscle disease progressing to inability to walk.
Inherited Myopathy of Great Danes (IMGD): An inherited, degenerative muscle disease often progressing to inability to walk.
Juvenile Laryngeal Paralysis & Polyneuropathy (Black Russian Terrier Type) (JLPP, POANV): A progressive, inherited, neuromuscular disease causing hind limb weakness and laryngeal problems in Black Russian Terriers and Rottweilers. Recommended by Black Russian Terrier and Rottweiler AKC Parent Clubs.
Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (Rhodesian Ridgeback Type): Dogs develop uncontrolled muscle movements due to this inherited neurological disease.
L-2-Hydroxyglutaric Aciduria (Staffordshire Bull Terrier Type) (L-2-HGA): An inherited neurometabolic disorder causing wobbly gait, tremors, seizures. Investigates two variants involving the L2HGDH gene. Recommended by the Staffordshire Bull Terrier AKC Parent Club.
L-2-Hydroxyglutaric Aciduria (Yorkshire Terrier Type) (L-2-HGA): An inherited neurometabolic disorder causing wobbly gait, tremors, seizures in Yorkshire and Biewer Terriers, involving the L2HGDH gene.
Lagotto Storage Disorder (LSD): An inherited metabolic disorder resulting in progressive neurological dysfunction. Recommended by the Lagotto Romagnolo AKC Parent Club.
Laryngeal Paralysis and Polyneuropathy (Leonberger Type 3): Progressive, inherited, neuromuscular disease in Leonbergers, Saint Bernards, and Labrador Retrievers, involving the CNTNAP1 gene, causing hind limb weakness and laryngeal problems. Recommended by the Leonberger AKC Parent Club.
Late Onset Ataxia (LOA, SCA): Dogs develop progressive ataxia within their first year of life.
Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy (Dachshund Type): An inherited neuromuscular disease in Dachshunds, involving the SGCA gene.
Muscular Dystrophy (Golden Retriever Type) (DMD, GRMD): An inherited muscle disorder in Golden Retrievers, where dogs cannot produce enough protein important for muscle function.
Myotonia Congenita (Australian Cattle Dog Type): An inherited muscular disease leading to contracted muscles in Australian Cattle Dogs, involving the CLCN1 gene.
Myotonia Congenita (Labrador Retriever Type): An inherited muscular disease leading to contracted muscles in Labrador Retrievers, involving the CLCN1 gene.
Myotonia Congenita (Schnauzer Type): An inherited muscular disease leading to contracted muscles in Schnauzers, involving the CLCN1 gene.
Myotubular Myopathy 1 (Boykin Spaniel Type) (MTM1, XLMTM): An inherited muscular disease leading to weakened muscles in Boykin Spaniels, involving the MTM1 gene.
Myotubular Myopathy 1 (Labrador Retriever Type) (MTM1, XLMTM): An inherited muscular disease leading to weakened muscles in Labrador Retrievers, involving the MTM1 gene.
Myotubular Myopathy 1 (Rottweiler Type) (MTM1, XLMTM): An inherited muscular disease leading to weakened muscles in Rottweilers, involving the MTM1 gene.
Narcolepsy (Dachshund Type): An inherited sleep disorder in Dachshunds, involving the HCRTR2 gene.
Narcolepsy (Doberman Pinscher Type): An inherited sleep disorder in Doberman Pinschers, involving the HCRTR2 gene.
Narcolepsy (Labrador Retriever Type): An inherited sleep disorder in Labrador Retrievers, involving the HCRTR2 gene.
Neonatal Ataxia: An inherited, progressive, neurological disease resulting in uncoordinated movement in Coton de Tulear.
Neonatal Cerebellar Cortical Degeneration (NCCD): An inherited neurological disease associated with uncoordinated movement in Beagles. Optional for the Beagle AKC Parent Club.
Neonatal Encephalopathy with Seizures (NEWS): An inherited neurological disorder most commonly seen in poodles.
Neuroaxonal Dystrophy (Giant Schnauzer Type) (NAD): An inherited neurological disorder leading to respiratory failure at birth in Giant Schnauzers, involving the MFN2 gene.
Neuroaxonal Dystrophy (Papillon Type) (NAD): An inherited neurological disorder in Papillons, involving the PLA2G6 gene.
Neuroaxonal Dystrophy (Rottweiler Type) (NAD): An inherited neurological disorder in Rottweilers, involving the VPS11 gene.
Neuroaxonal Dystrophy (Spanish Water Dog Type) (NAD): An inherited neurological disorder in Spanish Water Dogs, involving the TECPR2 gene.
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (Tibetan Terrier Type) (NCL): A lysosomal storage disease (inherited neurological disorder) in Tibetan Terriers, involving the ATP13A2 gene. Recommended by the Tibetan Terrier AKC Parent Club.
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 1 (NCL, NCL1): A lysosomal storage disease, identified in Miniature Dachshunds, involving the PPT1 gene.
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 1 (Cane Corso Type) (NCL, NCL1): A lysosomal storage disease, identified in Cane Corsos, involving the PPT1 gene.
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 2 (NCL, NCL2): A lysosomal storage disease, identified in Dachshunds, involving the TPP1 gene.
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 4A (NCL, NCL4A): A lysosomal storage disease, identified in American Staffordshire Terriers, involving the ARSG gene. Recommended by the American Staffordshire Terrier AKC Parent Club.
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 5 (Golden Retriever Type) (NCL, NCL5): A lysosomal storage disease, identified in Golden Retrievers, involving the CLN5 gene. Recommended by the Golden Retriever AKC Parent Club.
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 5 (Herding Dog Type) (NCL, NCL5): A lysosomal storage disease, identified in Border Collies, involving the CLN5 gene.
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 6 (NCL, NCL6): A lysosomal storage disease, identified in Australian Shepherds, involving the CLN6 gene.
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 7 (NCL, NCL7): A lysosomal storage disease, identified in Chinese Cresteds and Chihuahuas, involving the MFSD8 gene.
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 8 (Australian Shepherd Type) (NCL, NCL8): A lysosomal storage disease in Australian Shepherds, involving the CLN8 gene.
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 8 (Setter Type) (NCL, NCL8): A lysosomal storage disease, identified in English Setters, involving the CLN8 gene.
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 10 (NCL, NCL10): A lysosomal storage disease, identified in American Bulldogs, involving the CTSD gene.
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 12 (NCL, NCL12): A lysosomal storage disease in Australian Cattle Dogs, involving the ATP13A2 gene.
Polyneuropathy (Leonberger & Saint Bernard Type) (PN): Progressive, inherited, neuromuscular disease in Leonbergers and Saint Bernards, involving the ARHGEF10 gene, causing hind limb weakness and laryngeal problems. Recommended by the Leonberger AKC Parent Club.
Polyneuropathy (Leonberger Type 2) (PN, LPN2): Progressive, inherited, neuromuscular disease in Leonbergers, involving the GJA9 gene, causing hind limb weakness and laryngeal problems. Recommended by the Leonberger AKC Parent Club.
Polyneuropathy with Ocular Abnormalities & Neuronal Vacuolation (POANV, WMS1): Inherited, developmental disease involving neurological dysfunction and visual deficits, involving the RAB3GAP1 gene.
Sensory Neuropathy (Border Collie Type) (SN): Progressive sensory neuropathy leading to ataxia, muscle atrophy, and eventually urinary incontinence.
Spinal Dysraphism: An inherited developmental disease affecting Weimaraners, resulting in abnormal spinal cord development and neurological disease. Recommended by the Weimaraner AKC Parent Club.
Spinocerebellar Ataxia (Alpine Dachsbrake Type) (SCA): An inherited, severe neurological disease in Alpine Dachsbrake dogs, involving the SCN8A gene.
Spinocerebellar Ataxia (Terrier Type) (SCA): An inherited, severe neurological disease in terriers, involving the KCNJ10 gene.
Startle Disease: A severe, inherited neurological disorder affecting Irish Wolfhounds.
Subacute Necrotizing Encephalopathy (Yorkshire Terrier Type): An inherited neurological disorder in Yorkshire Terriers.

Ocular (Eye) Disorders

Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA, CH): An inherited eye disease of varying severity, also known as choroidal hypoplasia. Recommended by Boykin Spaniel, Collie, Lancashire Heeler, Mountain Cur AKC Parent Clubs.
Cone Degeneration (CD): Can cause day blindness. This specific variant involves a deletion in the CNGB3 gene. Optional for Alaskan Malamute AKC Parent Club.
Cone Degeneration (German Shepherd Dog Type) (CD): Can cause day blindness. This specific variant involves a SNP in the CNGA3 gene.
Cone Degeneration (German Shorthaired Pointer Type) (CD): Can cause day blindness. This specific variant involves a SNP in the CNGB3 gene. Recommended by the German Shorthaired Pointer AKC Parent Club.
Cone Degeneration (Labrador Retriever Type) (CD): Can cause day blindness. This specific variant is a 3bp deletion involving the CNGA3 gene.
Congenital Stationary Night Blindness (CSNB, LCA): A rare, inherited eye disease causing slowly progressive retinal degeneration, leading to night blindness and eventually complete blindness. Recommended by the Briard AKC Parent Club.
Early Retinal Degeneration (ERD): An inherited eye disease causing progressive blindness, associated with two variants in the STK38L gene.
Glaucoma (Border Collie Type) (PCAD): An eye disease resulting in increased eye pressure, this variant investigates a SNP in the OLFML3 gene.
Hereditary Cataracts (HC, JC): An inherited eye disorder, this variant investigates an insertion involving the HSF4 gene. Recommended by the Staffordshire Bull Terrier AKC Parent Club.
Hereditary Cataracts (Australian Shepherd Type) (HC, HSF4, JC): An inherited eye disorder, this variant investigates a deletion involving the HSF4 gene. Optional for the Australian Shepherd AKC Parent Club.
Hereditary Cataracts (Wirehaired Pointing Griffon Type): An inherited eye disorder, this variant investigates a deletion involving the FYCO1 gene in Wirehaired Pointing Griffons.
Macular Corneal Dystrophy (Labrador Retriever Type) (MCD): An inherited, progressive eye disease in Labrador Retrievers.
Microphthalmia (Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier Type): An inherited eye disease causing small, malformed eyes in Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers, involving the RBP4 gene.
Multifocal Retinopathy 1 (CMR1): An inherited eye disease leading to damaged retina, but typically no vision loss. This variant investigates a SNP involving the BEST1 gene.
Multifocal Retinopathy 2 (CMR2): An inherited eye disease leading to damaged retina in Coton de Tulear, involving a SNP in the BEST1 gene. Optional for the Coton de Tulear AKC Parent Club.
Multifocal Retinopathy 3 (CMR3): An inherited eye disease leading to damaged retina in Finnish Lapphunds, Lapponian Herders, and Swedish Lapphunds, involving a deletion in the BEST1 gene.
Primary Lens Luxation (PLL): An inherited eye disorder associated with the breakdown of ligaments holding the lens in place. Recommended by multiple AKC Parent Clubs including Australian Cattle Dog, Biewer Terrier, Chinese Crested, Lancashire Heeler, Miniature Bull Terrier, Pumi, Rat Terrier, Russell Terrier, Sealyham Terrier, Tibetan Terrier, Toy Fox Terrier, Welsh Terrier.
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG): An eye disease with increased pressure, this variant investigates a SNP in the ADAMS10 gene.
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (Basset Fauve de Bretagne Type) (POAG): An eye disease with increased pressure, identified in Basset Fauve de Bretagne, involving a SNP in the ADAMS17 gene.
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (Basset Hound Type) (POAG): An eye disease with increased pressure, identified in Basset Hounds and Basset Fauve de Bretagne, involving a deletion in the ADAMS17 gene. Recommended by the Basset Hound AKC Parent Club.
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (Norwegian Elkhound Type) (POAG): An eye disease with increased pressure, identified in Norwegian Elkhounds, involving a SNP in the ADAMS10 gene.
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma & Primary Lens Luxation (Shar Pei Type) (POAG/PLL): Glaucoma with increased risk of primary lens luxation, identified in Chinese Shar-pei, involving a deletion in the ADAMS17 gene.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy (Basenji Type) (PRA): An inherited, progressive eye disease leading to blindness in Basenjis, involving the SAG gene. Recommended by the Basenji AKC Parent Club.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy (Bullmastiff/Mastiff Type): An inherited, progressive eye disease leading to blindness in Basenjis, involving the RHO gene.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy (Giant Schnauzer Type) (PRA, PRA5): An inherited, progressive eye disease leading to blindness in Giant Schnauzers, involving the NECAP1 gene.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy (Irish Setter Type) (PRA-rcd1): An inherited, progressive eye disease leading to blindness in Irish Setters, involving the PDE6B gene. Recommended by Irish Setter, Irish Red and White Setter AKC Parent Clubs.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy (Shetland Sheepdog Type) (CNGA1-PRA, PRA): An inherited, progressive eye disease leading to blindness in Shetland Sheepdogs, involving a deletion in the CNGA1 gene.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy (Sloughi Type Type) (PRA-rcd1a): An inherited, progressive eye disease leading to blindness in Sloughis, involving an insertion in the PDE6B gene. Recommended by the Sloughi AKC Parent Club.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy, Cone-Rod Dystrophy (Dachshund Type) (PRA-crd): An inherited, progressive eye disease leading to blindness in Dachshunds, involving an insertion in the NPHP4 gene.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy, Cone-Rod Dystrophy 1 (American Staffordshire Terrier Type) (PRA-crd1): An inherited, progressive eye disease leading to blindness in American Staffordshire Terriers, involving a deletion in the PDE6B gene.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy, Cone-Rod Dystrophy 2 (American Staffordshire Terrier Type) (PRA-crd2): An inherited, progressive eye disease leading to blindness in American Staffordshire Terriers, involving an insertion in the IQCB1 gene.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy, Cone-Rod Dystrophy 3 (Glen of Imaal Terrier Type) (PRA-crd3): An inherited, progressive eye disease leading to blindness in Glen of Imaal Terriers, involving a deletion in the ADAM9 gene. Recommended by the Glen of Imaal Terrier AKC Parent Club.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy, Cone-Rod Dystrophy 4 (PRA-crd4/cord1): An inherited, progressive eye disease leading to blindness, involving an insertion in the RPGRIP1 gene. Recommended by Curly-Coated Retriever, English Springer Spaniel AKC Parent Clubs.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy, Early Onset (Spanish Water Dog Type): An inherited, progressive eye disease leading to blindness in Spanish Water Dogs, involving a deletion in the PDE6B gene.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy, Early-Onset (Portuguese Water Dog Type): An inherited, progressive eye disease leading to blindness in Portuguese Water Dogs, involving an insertion in the CCDC66 gene. Recommended by the Portuguese Water Dog AKC Parent Club.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy, Generalized (Schapendoes Type): An inherited, progressive eye disease leading to blindness in Schapendoes, involving an insertion in the CCDC66 gene.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy, Golden Retriever 1 (GR-PRA, GR1-PRA): An inherited, progressive eye disease leading to blindness in Golden Retrievers, involving an insertion in the SLC4A3 gene.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy, Golden Retriever 2 (GR-PRA2, GR2-PRA): An inherited, progressive eye disease leading to blindness in Golden Retrievers, involving a deletion in the TTC8 gene.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy, Late-Onset (Lapponian Herder Type): An inherited, progressive eye disease leading to blindness in Lapponian Herders, involving a deletion in the IFT122 gene.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy, PRA1 (Papillon Type) (PRA, PRA1): An inherited, progressive eye disease leading to blindness in Papillons, investigating two genetic variants involving the CNGB1 gene. Optional for Italian Greyhound, Papillon AKC Parent Clubs.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy, PRA3 (Tibetan Terrier & Spaniel Type) (PRA3): An inherited, progressive eye disease leading to blindness in Tibetan Terriers and Tibetan Spaniels, investigating two genetic variants involving the FAM16A gene. Recommended by the Tibetan Terrier AKC Parent Club.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy, Progressive Rod-Cone Degeneration (PRA-prcd, PRCD): An inherited, progressive eye disease leading to blindness, involving a SNP in the PRCD gene. Recommended by multiple AKC Parent Clubs including American Eskimo Dog, Australian Cattle Dog, Biewer Terrier, Chesapeake Bay Retriever, Chinese Crested, English Cocker Spaniel, Entlebucher Mountain Dog, Finnish Lapphund, Giant Schnauzer, Labrador Retriever, Miniature American Shepherd, Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever, Portuguese Water Dog.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy, Rod-Cone Dysplasia 3 (PRA-rcd3): An inherited, progressive eye disease leading to blindness, involving a deletion in the PDE6A gene. Recommended by Chinese Crested, Cardigan Welsh Corgi AKC Parent Clubs.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy, Rod-Cone Dysplasia 4 (PRA-rcd4): An inherited, progressive eye disease leading to blindness, involving an insertion in the C2orf71 gene. Recommended by Gordon Setter, Tibetan Terrier AKC Parent Clubs.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy, Syndromic Retinal Degeneration (Shetland Sheepdog Type): An inherited, progressive eye disease leading to blindness in Shetland Sheepdogs, involving a SNP in the BBS2 gene.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy, X-Linked 1 (Husky Type) (XLPRA1): An inherited, progressive eye disease leading to blindness, involving a deletion in the RPGR gene. Recommended by the Samoyed AKC Parent Club.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy, X-linked 2 (XLPRA2): An inherited, progressive eye disease leading to blindness, involving a deletion in the RPGR gene.
Stargardt Disease (STGD): An inherited eye disease and progressive vision loss in Labrador Retrievers.

Blood Disorders (Clotting, Cell Function)

Afibrinogenemia (Dachshund Type): An inherited bleeding disorder affecting dachshunds.
Bernard-Soulier Syndrome: An inherited bleeding disorder resulting in prolonged bleeding.
Canine Scott Syndrome (CSS): An inherited blood clotting disorder leading to platelet defects.
Coagulation Factor VII Deficiency: A mild, inherited bleeding disorder. Recommended by the Scottish Deerhound AKC Parent Club.
Congenital Macrothrombocytopenia (Cairn and Norfolk Terrier Type): Large platelets, rarely associated with disease.
Congenital Methemoglobinemia: Impaired ability to deliver oxygen to tissues, typically mild signs like exercise intolerance.
Elliptocytosis: Red blood cells have an abnormal shape, resulting in mild anemia.
Factor XI Deficiency: An inherited, mild bleeding disorder causing excessive bleeding. Includes two specific variants.
Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia (Great Pyrenees Type) (GT): An inherited bleeding disorder affecting platelets, involving a duplication in the ITGA2B gene.
Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia (Otterhound Type) (GT): An inherited bleeding disorder affecting platelets, involving a SNP in the ITGA2B gene. Recommended by the Otterhound AKC Parent Club.
Hemophilia A (Boxer Type): An inherited bleeding disorder caused by factor VIII deficiency in Boxers, involving a SNP in the F8 gene.
Hemophilia A (German Shepherd Dog, Type 1): An inherited bleeding disorder caused by factor VIII deficiency in Shepherds, involving a SNP in the F8 gene.
Hemophilia A (German Shepherd Dog, Type 2): An inherited bleeding disorder caused by factor VIII deficiency in Shepherds, involving a SNP in the F8 gene.
Hemophilia A (Rhodesian Ridgeback Type): An inherited bleeding disorder caused by factor VIII deficiency in Rhodesian Ridgebacks, involving an insertion and duplication in the F8 gene.
Hemophilia B (Cairn Terrier Type): An inherited bleeding disorder caused by factor IX deficiency in Cairn Terriers, involving a SNP in the F9 gene.
Hemophilia B (Lhasa Apso Type): An inherited bleeding disorder caused by factor IX deficiency in Lhasa Apso. Includes two specific variants involving the F9 gene.
Hemophilia B (Rhodesian Ridgeback Type): An inherited bleeding disorder caused by factor IX deficiency in Rhodesian Ridgebacks, involving a SNP in the F9 gene.
May-Hegglin Anomaly (MHA): An inherited blood disorder involving platelets and neutrophils, typically asymptomatic.
P2RY12 Receptor Platelet Disorder: An inherited bleeding disorder involving abnormal platelets.
Prekallikrein Deficiency: A mild, inherited bleeding disorder due to abnormality in prekallikrein.
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (Basenji Type) (PKD): An inherited metabolic disorder causing anemia in Basenjis, involving a deletion in the PKLR gene. Recommended by the Basenji AKC Parent Club.
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (Beagle Type) (PKD): An inherited metabolic disorder causing anemia in Beagles, involving a SNP in the PKLR gene.
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (Labrador Retriever Type) (PKD): An inherited metabolic disorder causing anemia in Labrador Retrievers, involving a SNP in the PKLR gene.
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (Pug Type) (PKD): An inherited metabolic disorder causing anemia in Pugs, involving a SNP in the PKLR gene.
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (Terrier Type) (PKD): An inherited metabolic disorder causing anemia in Cairn and West Highland White Terriers, involving an insertion in the PKLR gene.
Thrombopathia (American Eskimo Dog Type): An inherited bleeding disorder affecting platelet function in American Eskimo Dogs, involving an insertion in the RASGRP1 gene.
Thrombopathia (Basset Hound Type): An inherited bleeding disorder affecting platelet function in Basset Hounds, involving a deletion in the RASGRP1 gene. Recommended by the Basset Hound AKC Parent Club.
Thrombopathia (Newfoundland Type): An inherited bleeding disorder affecting platelet function in Newfoundlands, involving a SNP in the RASGRP1 gene.
Von Willebrand Disease I (VWDI): An inherited bleeding disorder affecting many breeds, causing lower levels of von Willebrand coagulation factor. Recommended by Doberman Pinscher, German Pinscher, Manchester Terrier, Poodle AKC Parent Clubs.
Von Willebrand Disease II (VWDII): An inherited bleeding disorder causing lower levels of von Willebrand coagulation factor.
Von Willebrand Disease III (Kooikerhondje Type) (VWDIII): An inherited bleeding disorder in Nederlandse-Kooikerhondje dogs causing lower levels of von Willebrand coagulation factor. Recommended by the Nederlandse-Kooikerhondje AKC Parent Club.
Von Willebrand Disease III (Scottish Terrier Type) (VWDIII): An inherited bleeding disorder in Scottish Terriers causing lower levels of von Willebrand coagulation factor. Recommended by the Scottish Terrier AKC Parent Club.
Von Willebrand Disease III (Shetland Sheepdog Type) (VWDIII): An inherited bleeding disorder in Shetland Sheepdogs causing lower levels of von Willebrand coagulation factor.

Skeletal and Musculoskeletal Disorders

Chondrodysplasia (Karelian Bear Dog & Norwegian Elkhound Type): Dwarfism in certain breeds like Chinook, Karelian Bear Dog, and Norwegian Elkhound, involving the ITGA10 gene. Recommended by the Chinook AKC Parent Club.
Craniomandibular Osteopathy (CMO): An inherited skeletal syndrome causing abnormal bone proliferation around the jaw, leading to pain and difficulty chewing.
Intervertebral Disc Disease Risk Factor & Chondrodystrophy (CDDY with IVDD): Increased risk of herniated discs and early disc degeneration. Optional for the Chinook AKC Parent Club.
Musladin-Lueke Syndrome (MLS): An inherited disorder involving connective tissue, leading to abnormal joints. Recommended by the Beagle AKC Parent Club.
Osteochondrodysplasia: An inherited, musculoskeletal disorder characterized by stunted growth and structural deformities.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (Beagle Type) (OI): An inherited collagen disorder causing thin bones and fractures in Beagles, involving an insertion in the COL1A2 gene.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (Dachshund Type) (OI): An inherited collagen disorder causing thin bones and fractures in Dachshunds, involving a SNP in the SERPINH1 gene.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (Golden Retriever Type) (OI): An inherited collagen disorder causing thin bones and fractures in Golden Retrievers, involving a SNP in the COL1A2 gene.
Pembroke Welsh Corgi Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD): An inherited neuromuscular disease in Pembroke Welsh Corgis, involving an insertion in the DMD gene.
Retinal Dysplasia/Oculoskeletal Dysplasia 1 (OSD1, DRD1, RD/OSD1): An inherited disorder affecting collagen, causing dwarfism and eye abnormalities. Recommended by the Samoyed AKC Parent Club.
Retinal Dysplasia/Oculoskeletal Dysplasia 2 (OSD2, DRD2, RD/OSD2): An inherited disorder affecting collagen, causing dwarfism and eye abnormalities.
Skeletal Dysplasia 2 (SD2): An inherited musculoskeletal disease causing dwarfism in Labrador Retrievers.
Spondylocostal Dysostosis (SCD): An inherited, fatal skeletal disorder.
Ullrich Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (Labrador Retriever Type 1): An inherited muscle disease in Labrador Retrievers.
Ullrich Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (Labrador Retriever Type 2): An inherited muscle disease in Labrador Retrievers.
Van Den Ende-Gupta Syndrome (VDEGS): An inherited bone disorder.

Metabolic & Endocrine Disorders

Catalase Deficiency: Affected dogs typically show no disease signs, but mouth ulcers can develop.
Copper Storage Disease: An inherited metabolic condition characterized by chronic copper accumulation leading to toxicosis. Recommended by the Bedlington Terrier AKC Parent Club.
Congenital Hypothyroidism with Goiter (Terrier Type) (CHG): An inherited, congenital form of hypothyroidism due to enzyme deficiency.
Cystinuria (Australian Cattle Dog Type): Kidney disease leading to cystine crystal/stone formation in urine, investigating a deletion in the SLC3A1 gene.
Cystinuria (Labrador Retriever Type): Kidney disease leading to cystine crystal/stone formation in urine, investigating a deletion in the SLC3A1 gene.
Cystinuria (Miniature Pinscher Type): Kidney disease leading to cystine crystal/stone formation in urine, investigating a SNP in the SLC7A9 gene.
Cystinuria (Newfoundland Type): Kidney disease leading to cystine crystal/stone formation in urine, investigating a SNP in the SLC3A1 gene. Recommended by the Newfoundland AKC Parent Club.
Cystinuria Type 3 (Bulldog Risk Factor, Variants 1 & 2): Androgen-dependent kidney disease leading to cystine crystals, investigating SNPs in the SLC3A1 gene.
Cystinuria Type 3 (Bulldog Risk Factor, Variant 3): Androgen-dependent kidney disease leading to cystine crystals, investigating a SNP in the SLC7A9 gene.
Glycogen Storage Disease Ia (GSD Ia, GSD1a): An inherited metabolic disease, this variant investigates a SNP involving the G6PC gene in Maltese.
Glycogen Storage Disease IIIa (GSD IIIa): An inherited metabolic disease in Curly-Coated Retrievers, involving a deletion in the AGL gene. Recommended by the Curly-Coated Retriever AKC Parent Club.
Glycogen Storage Disease VII (Wachtelhund Type) (GSD VII, PFK deficiency): An inherited metabolic disease causing easily damaged red blood cells in Wachtelhund, involving a SNP in the PFKM gene.
Glycogen Storage Disease VII, PFK Deficiency (GSD VII, PFK deficiency): An inherited metabolic disease causing easily damaged red blood cells in English Springer Spaniels, involving a SNP in the PFKM gene. Recommended by the English Springer Spaniel AKC Parent Club.
Hyperuricosuria (HUU): A kidney disorder resulting in high amounts of uric acid in urine, potentially forming bladder stones. Recommended by the Weimaraner AKC Parent Club.
Intestinal Cobalamin Malabsorption (Beagle Type) (I-GS): Inherited form where dogs cannot make protein to absorb cobalamin in Beagles, involving a deletion in the CUBN gene.
Intestinal Cobalamin Malabsorption (Border Collie Type): Inherited form where dogs cannot make protein to absorb cobalamin in Border Collies, involving a deletion in the CUBN gene.
Intestinal Cobalamin Malabsorption (Giant Schnauzer Type): Inherited form where dogs cannot make protein to absorb cobalamin in Giant Schnauzers, involving a deletion in the AMN gene.
Intestinal Lipid Malabsorption: An inherited metabolic disease due to difficulty absorbing fat; manageable with a therapeutic diet.
Lundehund Syndrome (LS): This variant is associated with a gastrointestinal disorder unique to the breed.
Mucopolysaccharidosis I (Boston Terrier Type) (MPS I): An inherited neurologic, lysosomal storage disorder in Boston Terriers, involving an insertion in the IDUA gene.
Mucopolysaccharidosis I (Plott Hount Type) (MPS I): An inherited neurologic, lysosomal storage disorder in Plott Hounds, involving a SNP in the IDUA gene.
Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA (Dachshund Type) (MPS IIIA): An inherited neurologic, lysosomal storage disorder in Dachshunds, involving a deletion in the SGSH gene.
Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA (New Zealand Huntaway Type) (MPS IIIA): An inherited neurologic, lysosomal storage disorder in New Zealand Huntaways, involving an insertion in the SGSH gene.
Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB (Schipperke Type) (MPS IIIB): An inherited neurologic, lysosomal storage disorder in Schipperkes, involving an insertion in the NAGLU gene.
Mucopolysaccharidosis VI (Miniature Schnauzer Type) (MPS VI): An inherited neurologic, lysosomal storage disorder in Miniature Schnauzers, involving a deletion in the ARSB gene.
Mucopolysaccharidosis VII (Brazilian Terrier Type) (MPS VII): An inherited neurologic, lysosomal storage disorder in Brazilian Terriers, involving a SNP in the GUSB gene.
Mucopolysaccharidosis VII (Shepherd Type) (MPS VII): An inherited neurologic, lysosomal storage disorder in Shepherds, involving a SNP in the GUSB gene.
Pompe Disease (GSD II): A glycogen storage disease in Finnish and Swedish Lapphunds, involving a SNP in the GAA gene. Recommended by the Finnish Lapphund AKC Parent Club.
Primary Hyperoxaluria (PH1): A rare metabolic disorder that can cause kidney stone formation. Optional for the Coton de Tulear AKC Parent Club.
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (PDP1): A metabolic disorder characterized by exercise intolerance and weakness in Clumber and Sussex Spaniels. Recommended by the Clumber Spaniel AKC Parent Club.

Renal (Kidney) Disorders

Diffuse Cystic Renal Dysplasia & Hepatic Fibrosis: Inherited developmental disease involving severe malformation of multiple organs.
Familial Nephropathy (Cocker Spaniel Type) (FN, HN): An inherited form of kidney disease in Cocker Spaniels, involving a SNP in the COL4A4 gene.
Familial Nephropathy (English Springer Spaniel Type) (FN, HN): An inherited form of kidney disease in English Springer Spaniels, involving a SNP in the COL4A4 gene.
Hereditary Nephritis (Samoyed Type) (AS, HN, XLHN): An inherited form of kidney disease in Samoyed.
Protein Losing Nephropathy: A kidney disorder characterized by protein leaking into the urine. Investigates two specific variants in Soft-Coated Wheaten Terriers: Variant 1 (KIRREL2 gene) and Variant 2 (NPHS1 gene). Recommended by the Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier AKC Parent Club.
Renal Cystadenocarcinoma & Nodular Dermatofibrosis: An inherited form of kidney, dermal, and uterine cancer.
Urolithiasis (Native American Indian Dog Type): An inherited disease leading to stone formation in the urinary tract.

Immune System Disorders

Cyclic Neutropenia (CH, CN): Affects the immune system of collies, causing neutrophil levels to cycle, predisposing dogs to infections.
Lethal Acrodermatitis (LAD): Associated with severe, lethal immune system dysfunction.
Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency, Type I (CLAD, LAD-A): Inherited immune disorder causing abnormal white blood cells and severe immune impairment, involving a SNP in the ITGB2 gene. Recommended by the Irish Red and White Setter AKC Parent Club.
Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency, Type III (CLAD, LAD-III): Inherited immune disorder causing abnormal white blood cells and severe immune impairment, involving an insertion in the FERMT3 gene.
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (Terrier Type) (SCID): An inherited immune disorder with predispositions to severe infections in Parson and Russell Terriers, involving a SNP in the PRKDC gene.
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (Wetterhound Type) (SCID): An inherited immune disorder with predispositions to severe infections in Wetterhoun, involving a SNP in the RAG1 gene.
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease, X-Linked (Basset Hound Type) (XSCID): An inherited immune disorder with predispositions to severe infections in Basset Hounds, involving a deletion in the IL2RG gene.
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease, X-Linked (Corgi Type) (XSCID): An inherited immune disorder with predispositions to severe infections in Cardigan Welsh Corgis and Pembroke Welsh Corgis, involving an insertion in the IL2RG gene.
Shar-Pei Autoinflammatory Disease (SPAID): An autoimmune condition causing episodic fevers and swollen joints in Chinese Shar-Pei.
Trapped Neutrophil Syndrome (TNS): An inherited immune disease in Border Collies.

Skin and Coat Disorders

Darier Disease and Associated Infundibular Cyst Formation: An inherited skin disorder causing crusted plaques in ears or over the body.
Dry Eye Curly Coat Syndrome (CKSID): An inherited disease causing dry eye, dry flaky skin, and abnormal feet. Optional for the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel AKC Parent Club.
Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa (Basset Hound Type) (DEB): An inherited skin disorder manifesting as blisters on paw pads, ears, and muzzle, identified in Basset Hounds, involving a deletion in the COL7A1 gene.
Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa (Golden Retriever Type) (DEB): An inherited skin disorder manifesting as blisters on paw pads, ears, and muzzle, identified in Golden Retrievers, involving a SNP in the COL7A1 gene.
Ectodermal Dysplasia (Chesapeake Bay Retriever Type) (ED): An inherited skin disorder identified in Chesapeake Bay Retrievers, involving a SNP in the PKP1 gene.
Ectodermal Dysplasia, X-Linked (Dachshund Type) (XLHED): An inherited skin disorder identified in Dachshunds, involving a deletion in the EDA gene.
Ectodermal Dysplasia, X-Linked (Shepherd Type) (XHED, XLED): An inherited skin disorder identified in Shepherds, involving a SNP in the EDA gene.
Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis: An inherited skin condition in Norfolk Terriers involving the KRT10 gene.
Exfoliative Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (ECLE): An inherited form of Lupus affecting the skin.
Hereditary Footpad Hyperkeratosis (Irish Terrier & Kromfohrländer Type): An inherited skin disorder in Irish Terriers and Kromfohrländer, involving a SNP in the FAM83G gene.
Hereditary Footpad Hyperkeratosis (Rottweiler Type): An inherited skin disorder in Rottweilers, involving a deletion in the DSG1 gene.
Hereditary Nasal Parakeratosis (Greyhound Type) (HNPK): An inherited skin disorder of the nose in Greyhounds, involving a deletion in the SUV39H2 gene.
Hereditary Nasal Parakeratosis (Labrador Retriever Type) (HNPK): An inherited skin disorder of the nose in Labrador Retrievers, involving a SNP in the SUV39H2 gene.
Ichthyosis (American Bulldog Type): An inherited skin disorder characterized by scales on the skin in American Bulldogs, involving a deletion in the NIPAL4 gene.
Ichthyosis (Golden Retriever Type 1): An inherited skin disorder characterized by scales on the skin in Golden Retrievers, involving an insertion in the PNPLA1 gene.
Ichthyosis (Golden Retriever Type 2): An inherited skin disorder characterized by scales on the skin in Golden Retrievers, involving a deletion in the ABHD5 gene.
Ichthyosis (Great Dane Type): An inherited skin disorder characterized by scales on the skin in Great Danes, involving a SNP in the SLC27A4 gene.
Ichthyosis (Jack Russell Terrier Type): An inherited skin disorder characterized by scales on the skin in Jack Russell Terriers, Parson Russell Terriers, and Russell Terriers, involving an insertion in the TGM1 gene.
Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa (Australian Shepherd Type): An inherited skin disorder causing fragile skin prone to ulceration.
Ligneous Membranitis (LM): A chronic inflammatory disease causing severe ulcerations in multiple organs.

Other Health Conditions

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): An inherited form of ARDS where fluid backs up into the lungs.
Cardiomyopathy and Juvenile Mortality: Associated with severe heart disease causing death from heart failure by 8 weeks of age.
Congenital Macrothrombocytopenia (Cairn and Norfolk Terrier Type): Associated with large platelets, but rarely with disease.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy (Doberman Pinscher Type Risk Factor, Variant 1 & 2) (DCM): Heart disease leading to enlarged heart with weak muscle, investigating SNPs in the TTN gene.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy (Schnauzer Type) (DCM): Heart disease leading to enlarged heart with weak muscle, investigating a deletion in the RBM20 gene. Recommended by the Standard Schnauzer AKC Parent Club.
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (Doberman Pinscher Type): Inherited disorder affecting connective tissue, investigating a SNP in the ADAMTS2 gene.
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (Labrador Retriever Type), Variant 1: Inherited disorder affecting connective tissue, investigating a deletion in the COL5A1 gene.
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (Labrador Retriever Type), Variant 2: Inherited disorder affecting connective tissue, investigating a SNP in the COL5A1 gene.
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (Poodle Type, Variants 1 and 2) (EDS): Inherited disorder affecting connective tissue in Poodles, investigating SNPs in the TNXB gene.
Gallbladder Mucoceles: Increased risk of developing a gallbladder mucocele.
Mammary Tumors (English Springer Spaniel Type Risk Factor): Increased risk of developing mammary tumors in English Springer Spaniels.
Multidrug Resistance 1 (MDR1): Dysfunction of P-glycoprotein, causing decreased ability to metabolize certain drugs and toxins. Recommended by Chinook, Collie, Miniature American Shepherd AKC Parent Clubs.
Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss (Rottweiler Type): Inherited, early-onset hearing loss.
Oculocutaneous Albinism (Doberman Pinscher Type) (OCA): Albinism in Doberman Pinschers, investigating a deletion in the SLC45A2 gene.
Oculocutaneous Albinism (Small Breed Type) (OCA): Albinism in some small breeds, investigating a SNP in the SLC45A2 gene.
Pancreatitis (Miniature Schnauzer Type Risk Factor): Three variants associated with increased risk of pancreatitis in Miniature Schnauzers. Inheritance is complex.
Persistent Müllerian Duct Syndrome (PMDS): Inherited disorder of sexual development, causing males to have internal remnants of female organs.
Pituitary Dwarfism (Shepherd Type): Dwarfism in Shepherd breeds, involving the LHX3 gene.
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (Alaskan Malamute Type) (PCD): Inherited disease affecting cilia in Alaskan Malamutes, involving a deletion in the NME5 gene. Recommended by the Alaskan Malamute AKC Parent Club.
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (Old English Sheepdog Type) (PCD): Inherited disease affecting cilia in Old English Sheepdogs, involving a SNP in the CCDC39 gene. Optional for the Old English Sheepdog AKC Parent Club.
Recurrent Inflammatory Pulmonary Disease (IPD): An inherited respiratory disease causing coughing, nasal discharge, and fever.

For senior dogs, early detection of these health issues through genetic testing can be vital for developing effective management strategies, including pain relief for senior dogs with arthritis and other age-related conditions.

Understanding Genetic Traits: More Than Just Health

Beyond health concerns, dna and health test for dogs also reveal fascinating insights into physical and behavioral traits. While color is a complex trait influenced by multiple genes, genetic tests can provide valuable clues, though they cannot always perfectly predict the phenotype (observable traits). This understanding is an evolving area of research and complements a breeder’s observation.

Included Trait Tests (Including Coat Colors)

A Locus (Agouti): Helps determine coat patterns like wolf-sable, black and tan, and recessive black. This is a linkage test with the ASIP gene.
As Locus (Saddle Tan): Determines saddle tan patterning.
B Locus (Brown): Evaluates 6 different alleles for brown pigment.
Brachycephaly: Plays a role in determining skull shape (short muzzle), but not the only factor.
Chondrodysplasia (CDPA): Plays a role in determining leg length, testing for an insertion of the FGF4 gene in chromosome 18.
Co Locus (Cocoa, French Bulldog Type): Determines brown color in French Bulldogs.
Cu Locus (Curly): Helps determine curly coat, but not applicable to every breed.
D Locus (Dilute): Evaluates 3 alleles for diluting pigment, associated with lighter coat colors (blue, silver).
E Locus: Evaluates seven loci (e1, e2, e3, eA, Eg, Eh, Em) for pigment production of phaeomelanin (yellow/red) or eumelanin (black/brown).
H Locus (Harlequin, Great Dane Type): Helps determine harlequin coat pattern (patches on a white background) in Great Danes.
Hairlessness: Impacts American Hairless Terriers and Scottish Deerhounds.
Hr Locus (FOXI3 Hairless Gene Test, Mexican Hairless, Peruvian Hairless and Chinese Crested Type): For hairlessness in certain breeds like Chinese Crested.
I Locus (Intensity): Associated with extreme dilution of light, yellow/red pigment (phaeomelanin, e/e genotype at the E locus) in many breeds.
IC Locus (Improper Coat/Furnishings): Helps determine improper coat and furnishings.
K Locus (Dominant Black): Important for black color and expression of the A locus.
L Locus (Long Hair/Fluffy): Investigates genetic variants related to the FGF5 gene, which determines long or fluffy coats.
M Locus (Merle): Provides a specific size result associated with potential for a spectrum of coat colors, including merle patterning. Aids breeding decisions and suggests patterns.
Polydactyly (Common Variant): Trait of having extra toes, investigating an insertion involving the LMBR1 gene. Multiple genes likely contribute.
Polydactyly (Great Pyrenees Type): Trait of having extra toes, investigating an insertion involving the ALX4 gene. Multiple genes likely contribute.
R Locus (Roan/Ticked): Helps determine roan or ticking patterns.
S Locus (White Spotting, Parti, or Piebald): Helps determine white markings.
Sex Determination: Identifies the Y chromosome.
SD Locus (Shedding): Genetic marker related to shedding.
Social Behavior: May be associated with greater attention to stimuli and decreased independent problem solving around people. Behavior is complex and this gene’s role is not fully clear.
T Locus (Natural Bobtail): Genetic marker for natural bobtail.

While genetic testing covers many aspects, ensuring a dog’s overall well-being also involves providing enrichment, such as long lasting dog chews for large dogs and dog chews that last a long time, to keep them mentally stimulated and physically healthy.

Important Considerations and Veterinarian Consultation

It is crucial to understand that dna and health test for dogs are primarily for informational purposes. A “normal” result does not exclude other causes for a disease, whether from a different genetic variant not tested or from environmental and non-inherited factors. Similarly, an “abnormal” or “at-risk” result is not a definitive diagnosis for the disease. It indicates a genetic predisposition or carrier status.

If you are concerned about your dog’s health or if genetic test results raise questions, it is paramount to consult your veterinarian. A veterinary professional can interpret the results in the context of your dog’s clinical signs, medical history, and breed, providing an accurate diagnosis and recommending appropriate management or treatment plans.

Conclusion

The advent of comprehensive dna and health test for dogs has revolutionized canine care and responsible breeding. By unlocking the genetic secrets of our pets, we gain an unparalleled understanding of their potential health challenges and unique traits. Tools like the AKC DNA + Health Kit provide a powerful resource for proactive health management, informed breeding decisions, and ultimately, a commitment to the long-term well-being of dogs.

This detailed genetic insight allows owners to partner more effectively with their veterinarians, creating personalized care plans and potentially preventing severe conditions before they manifest. For breeders, it means the ability to make more informed choices, reducing the incidence of inherited diseases and strengthening future generations. Embrace the power of genetic knowledge and embark on a journey of informed care for your cherished companion.

References

American Kennel Club (AKC) DNA Program. (Accessed 2023). AKC Shop, Activate AKC DNA Kit, DNA Resource Center, Breed-Specific DNA Test Recommendations.

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