The Clydesdale, a breed of heavy draft horse, originates from the Lanarkshire region of Scotland, a district now known as Clydesdale. Developed by local farmers, this breed was meticulously bred to serve a dual purpose: fulfilling agricultural needs and meeting the demands of commerce in the coal fields and bustling streets of Glasgow. Its exceptional qualities quickly gained recognition beyond its native region, leading to its spread throughout Scotland and northern England.
The Clydesdale Horse Society, established in 1877, has played a pivotal role in promoting the breed globally. A unique feature of early Clydesdale breeding was the district system of hiring stallions, which was instrumental in standardizing and solidifying the breed’s type. This system, with records dating back to 1837, contributed significantly to the breed’s consistent characteristics. The Clydesdale has enjoyed a consistent export trade worldwide, with a strong presence in Commonwealth countries and the United States. Today, it remains the dominant draft breed in Scotland and New Zealand and is highly regarded in Australia, Canada, and the United States.
Understanding Clydesdale Conformation and Movement
Clydesdales are characterized by their active nature, though their “action” is judged differently than that of a high-stepping breed like the Hackney. For a Clydesdale, “action” refers to a clean, high lift of the feet with each step, ensuring the inside of the shoe is visible from behind. This movement should be close and precise, with forelegs extending well from the shoulders, hanging plumb from shoulder to fetlock. Judges look for a lack of knee-knocking and an absence of bowed or crooked legs. Similarly, hind legs should be set closely together, with hocks turned slightly inward, and thighs descending well to the hocks. Straight, plumb shanks from hock to fetlock are crucial for optimal leverage, making “sickle” hocks a significant fault.
The examination of a Clydesdale’s feet is a critical starting point for judges. Feet should be open and round, avoiding a thin, flat appearance. The hoof heads must be wide and springy, preventing the development of sidebone or ringbone. Pasterns should be long, angled at approximately 45 degrees from hoof head to fetlock. While overly long pasterns are undesirable, they are rarely encountered. The Clydesdale is known for its distinctive appearance and powerful build.
Key Physical Characteristics and Temperament
A typical Clydesdale exhibits an open forehead, broad between the eyes, with a flat facial profile – neither Roman-nosed nor “dished.” They possess a wide muzzle, large nostrils, and bright, intelligent eyes, complemented by large ears. A well-arched, long neck should emerge from an oblique shoulder with high withers. The back should be short, with well-sprung ribs creating a barrel-like shape. Quarters should be long, and thighs heavily muscled. Broad, clean hocks and large, front-broad knees are essential. The overall impression of a well-built Clydesdale is one of strength and activity, emphasizing quality and weight over excessive bulk. The breed has evolved over time, with a recent trend favoring taller, more “hitchy” horses. Current height typically ranges from 16.2 to 18 hands, with weights between 1600 and 1800 lbs, though mature stallions and geldings can reach up to 2200 lbs. Despite these changes, the emphasis on sound underpinning has remained a constant.
The most prevalent color in Clydesdales is bay, although black, brown, and chestnut variations exist, including roans. Preferred markings often include four white socks extending to the knees and hocks, and a well-defined blaze or bald face. While traditional markings are common, the show ring does not penalize lighter roans or horses with dark legs. The increasing popularity of large hitches has brought more attention to color consistency and patterns in recent years. A well-conformed Clydesdale should exhibit both strength and agility.
Suitability and Conclusion
For individuals seeking an active yet tractable, intelligent, and stylish draft animal for work, show, or pleasure, the Clydesdale presents a compelling option. Their combination of power, elegance, and amenable temperament makes them a versatile and highly desirable breed. Clydesdale horses are often used in parades and special events due to their impressive stature. Their consistent development and the efforts of breed societies ensure that the Clydesdale continues to be a prominent and respected draft breed worldwide.
References
Clydesdale Breeders of the U.S.A., 17378 Kelley Road, Pecatonica, IL 61063. Phone: (815) 247-8780.
