The charm of cats with big, round faces, expressive eyes, and adorable smushed noses is undeniable. While their unique physical features are undeniably cute, these flat-faced feline companions also possess personalities as endearing as their looks. However, their distinctive anatomy can also lead to specific health considerations. Understanding a breed’s particular needs before welcoming a kitten into your home is crucial for providing the best possible care and finding the perfect match for your family. This guide explores popular flat-faced cat breeds and the important health aspects to consider.
Popular Flat-Faced Cat Breeds
Persian
This long-haired, smooshed-faced cat is one of the most beloved breeds. Beyond their striking appearance, Persians are known for their even temperament and peaceful nature. They prefer lounging on laps and in sunbeams to more active pursuits like climbing elaborate cat trees or vigorous play. Daily combing and brushing are essential to prevent matting, and many Persians genuinely enjoy this grooming time, often expressing their contentment with meows and gentle purrs.
British Shorthair
British Shorthair cats feature a slightly longer muzzle than some other flat-faced breeds, but their unmistakably round face and plush fur give them a teddy bear-like appearance. These companions tend to prefer keeping their paws on the ground and may not enjoy being picked up frequently. While affectionate, they also possess an independent streak, making them suitable for busy pet parents.
British Longhair
A delightful cross between the British Shorthair and the Persian, the British Longhair inherits thick locks from its Persian lineage, a rounded face from its British Shorthair side, and a lovely temperament from both. These intelligent cats are highly food-motivated, opening opportunities for fun training sessions that serve as excellent bonding activities and provide essential mental stimulation.
Exotic Shorthair
For those drawn to the Persian’s look but preferring less intensive grooming, the Exotic Shorthair is an excellent choice. Often called the “lazy man’s Persian,” their coat requires only weekly brushing, with more frequent attention needed during shedding seasons. While not as inclined to climb as some breeds, Exotics are typically livelier and more playful than Persians, making them well-suited for active households with children and other pets, provided proper introductions are made.
Himalayan
A blend of the Persian and Siamese breeds, Himalayan cats share many traits with Persians, including their luxurious coat. Their distinctive color-point markings – darker ears, nose, feet, and tail – are inherited from their Siamese ancestry. Though they may appear all fluff, Himalayans are medium-sized cats, typically weighing between 7 and 12 pounds. Adaptable and friendly, they make wonderful family pets, provided their daily grooming needs are consistently met.
Scottish Fold
Scottish Folds have garnered significant popularity due to their rounded facial features, distinctive folded ears, and even celebrity endorsements. However, ethical concerns surround this breed’s charm. Their folded ears result from a genetic mutation causing osteochondrodysplasia (OCD), a painful joint condition. Prospective owners must be vigilant in understanding feline body language and watching for signs of discomfort, such as changes in eating or bathroom habits, increased vocalization, or disinterest in activities. Any such changes warrant a prompt veterinary consultation.
Selkirk Rex
The Selkirk Rex is characterized by a gene that produces a dense, curly coat, ranging from tight ringlets to waves. This coat, a result of outcrossing with Persian and British Shorthair breeds, requires weekly grooming, though excessive brushing can lead to frizz or breakage. Selkirk Rex cats are generally sweet and people-loving. Early socialization with new people, sights, and sounds is important to ensure they develop into well-adjusted companions.
Health Considerations for Flat-Faced Cats
While all cats are susceptible to health issues, flat-faced breeds may face a higher risk of certain conditions due to their unique anatomy. Their shorter skull bones result in a rounded head, a short nose, and an underbite.
Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS)
BOAS refers to a group of breathing problems associated with brachycephalic anatomy. In flat-faced cats, their specialized structure can impede airflow due to an elongated soft palate, a narrow windpipe (hypoplastic trachea), everted laryngeal saccules, or narrow nostrils (stenotic nares). While cute snorting sounds might be endearing, severe BOAS can lead to open-mouthed breathing, noisy breathing, intolerance to exercise and heat, coughing, gagging, reverse sneezing, and increased respiratory effort. These symptoms can be exacerbated by being overweight, hot and humid conditions, or stress. Open-mouthed breathing is a serious sign requiring immediate veterinary attention, and surgery may be necessary in severe cases to correct airway issues.
Eye Issues
The shallow eye sockets of flat-faced cats can cause their eyes to protrude, sometimes preventing eyelids from closing completely. This makes them prone to inflammation and corneal ulcers (scratches on the eye’s surface). Chronic watery eyes, often accompanied by tear staining, are also common, as their facial anatomy can lead to misshapen tear ducts. Consulting your veterinarian about appropriate eye care products is recommended. Signs of eye problems, such as squinting, increased discharge, redness, or cloudiness, necessitate a vet appointment.
Dental Disease
Dental disease is highly prevalent in cats, with a significant percentage of older cats affected. Flat-faced cats may be at an even higher risk due to their anatomy, which can result in overcrowded or misaligned teeth. This overcrowding facilitates increased plaque and tartar buildup. Daily teeth brushing and regular veterinary checkups, including professional dental cleanings, are the most effective ways to prevent dental problems in these breeds.
Written by Janelle Leeson
