Canine scabies, also known as sarcoptic mange, is a highly contagious skin condition caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis mite. These microscopic parasites thrive on dogs worldwide, and while they prefer canine hosts, they can temporarily infect humans and other animals that come into close contact with an infested dog. The entire life cycle of these mites, from egg to adult, occurs on the infected dog over a period of 17 to 21 days. Female mites burrow into the dog’s skin to lay their eggs, and the infestation spreads rapidly through direct contact between animals. Indirect transmission, such as through contaminated bedding or grooming tools, is less common but still possible. The time it takes for symptoms to appear, known as the incubation period, can range from 10 days to 8 weeks, influenced by factors like the severity of the infestation, the affected body part, the number of mites, and the individual dog’s overall health and hygiene.
Recognizing the Signs of Canine Scabies
Not all dogs will display visible signs when initially infected with sarcoptic mange mites. However, a hallmark symptom is intense itching that appears suddenly. This severe itch is likely an allergic reaction to the mites’ waste products. Initially, the affected skin may develop small, solid bumps. Due to the dog’s persistent scratching and biting to alleviate the itch, these bumps and the surrounding skin often become damaged, leading to the formation of thick, crusted sores. These open sores are susceptible to secondary yeast or bacterial infections. Typically, the initial signs of sores appear on the dog’s abdomen, chest, ears, elbows, and legs. If left untreated, the lesions can spread across the entire body. Dogs suffering from chronic or recurring scabies may develop oily dandruff (seborrhea), significant skin thickening with deep wrinkles and crust buildup, and weeping sores. In severe, long-term cases, affected dogs can become emaciated and, if left untreated, may even succumb to the condition.
There’s a condition known as “scabies incognito” which describes cases that are difficult to diagnose. If a dog is regularly bathed and meticulously groomed, the mites may be challenging to locate, even if the dog exhibits symptoms like intense itching. Regular bathing can also remove the more typical signs of mange, such as crusts and scales on the skin.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Canine Scabies
If scabies is suspected, a veterinarian will perform a thorough physical examination. This usually involves collecting skin scrapings from affected areas and may include analyzing a stool sample. Some veterinary clinics also utilize blood tests to aid in diagnosing mange. Even if mites aren’t found in the initial tests, but the clinical signs strongly suggest scabies, a trial treatment may be recommended. Canine scabies is highly contagious and can easily spread between different animal species, including to humans. Therefore, it’s crucial to consult your veterinarian for guidance on how to prevent contracting the mites from your pet.
Treatment protocols should encompass all dogs and other animals that have been in contact with an infected pet. In some cases, clipping the dog’s hair may be necessary to allow for better application of treatments. Crusts and debris should be gently removed by soaking the skin with a medicated shampoo, followed by the application of an anti-mite dip. Lime-sulfur dips are highly effective and considered safe for use even in young animals, though multiple applications may be required. Alternatively, oral or topical medications are also available and effective. Some internal medications used to treat mange are also prescribed for heartworm prevention, so your veterinarian might recommend a heartworm test for your dog before commencing treatment. Addressing any secondary infections is also a vital part of the treatment plan. Early diagnosis and consistent treatment are key to effectively managing canine scabies and ensuring your dog’s comfort and health.
