Sarcoptic mange, also known as canine scabies, is a highly contagious skin infestation caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis. These microscopic parasites are found globally and spend their entire life cycle, typically 17 to 21 days, on an infested dog. Female mites burrow into the dog’s skin to lay eggs, and the mites are easily transmitted between animals through direct contact. While less common, indirect transmission via contaminated bedding can also occur. The incubation period for sarcoptic mange can range from 10 days to 8 weeks, influenced by the severity of the infestation, the affected body parts, the number of mites, and the dog’s overall health and hygiene.
Although sarcoptic mange mites primarily infest dogs, humans and other animals that come into close contact with an infected dog can also contract the mites.
Signs and Symptoms of Sarcoptic Mange
Not all dogs exhibit visible signs when initially infested with Sarcoptes scabiei mites. However, a common and often sudden onset of intense itching is usually present. This severe itching is believed to be a reaction to the mites’ waste products. Initially, the infested skin may develop small, solid bumps. Due to the dog’s constant scratching and biting to alleviate the itch, these bumps and the surrounding skin can become damaged, leading to thick, crusted sores.
Secondary yeast or bacterial infections can flourish in this damaged skin. Typically, these sores first appear on the dog’s abdomen, chest, ears, elbows, and legs. If left undiagnosed and untreated, the sores can spread across the entire body. Long-term or recurring cases of mange can result in oily dandruff (seborrhea), significant skin thickening with wrinkles and crust buildup, and oozing sores. Severely affected dogs may become emaciated and, in critical cases, can succumb to the condition.
A form of mange that is difficult to diagnose is referred to as “Scabies incognito.” This occurs when a dog is regularly bathed and its coat is well-maintained, making the mites harder to detect even if the dog shows signs like itching. Regular bathing can also remove the typical crusts and scales associated with mange, further complicating diagnosis.
Diagnosis and Veterinary Care
If sarcoptic mange is suspected, a veterinarian will conduct a thorough physical examination. This may include taking skin scrapings to microscopicly examine for mites and potentially collecting a stool sample. Some veterinary clinics may also utilize blood tests for diagnosis. If mites are not found but the clinical signs strongly suggest mange, a trial treatment may be recommended.
Given that mange is highly contagious and can spread between different animal species, including to humans, it is crucial to consult your veterinarian for guidance on how to prevent contracting the mites from your pet.
Treatment and Prevention
Treatment protocols for sarcoptic mange should encompass all dogs and other animals that have had contact with an infected animal. Clipping the dog’s hair may be necessary to facilitate treatment. The affected skin should be cleansed by soaking with a medicated (antiseborrheic) shampoo, followed by the application of an anti-mite dip. Lime-sulfur dips are highly effective and considered safe for use even in young animals, though multiple treatments may be required.
Alternatively, oral or topical medications are also effective in treating sarcoptic mange. Some of these internal mange medications share active ingredients with heartworm preventatives. Therefore, your veterinarian might recommend a heartworm test for your dog before initiating treatment. Addressing any secondary infections that may have developed in the damaged skin is also an essential part of the treatment plan.
If you suspect your dog has been exposed to or is showing signs of sarcoptic mange, prompt veterinary consultation is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment to ensure your dog’s recovery and to prevent further spread.
