Best Probiotic for Dogs: A Comprehensive Veterinary Guide

Hello, dear pet lovers! Today, we will discuss the “friendly” bacteria – probiotics. It’s commonly believed that bacteria in the human body outnumber our body’s cells by a ratio of 10:1. However, recent research suggests this number is nearly equalized. Regardless, one thing is clear: there are a lot of bacteria in our bodies, and in our dogs too! Most of these bacteria are found in the gut, with the majority being harmless, while only a small number can cause disease. Probiotics offer several benefits for our canine companions, including improved digestion, enhanced immune function, and a reduced risk of various diseases.

We’ve created this veterinary guide to help you choose the best probiotic for dogs vet recommended with ease! Understanding what makes a probiotic effective and when to use it can significantly impact your dog’s overall well-being. This guide will delve into what probiotics are, their benefits, how to select the right product, and important considerations to ensure your furry friend receives the best possible care.

What Is a Probiotic for Dogs?

Dog probiotics are supplements that contain beneficial bacteria, supporting a healthy balance of microorganisms in the gut. These bacteria help improve overall digestive and immune system function. It’s essential to understand that not all bacteria are harmful; in fact, a diverse and balanced gut microbiome is crucial for various bodily functions.

Probiotics differ from prebiotics, which are non-digestible fibers that feed these good bacteria. They also differ from postbiotics, which are the health-promoting compounds produced when probiotics break down prebiotics. Another definition of postbiotics is that they are dead or inactivated probiotics that still confer health benefits by interacting similarly to live probiotics. Postbiotics can also be considered metabolic byproducts of probiotics that contribute to a healthy gut environment. Together, prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics can work synergistically to improve overall canine health and well-being. For a holistic approach, consider products that offer the best probiotic and prebiotic for dogs.

Probiotics reside in the digestive tract, but when dogs are sick or stressed, the balance between good and bad bacteria can be disrupted. This imbalance may lead to gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhea, gas, and even bad breath. Some bacteria are also found in higher quantities in obese and overweight dogs, while others may help with renal issues. Bacteria impact health in various ways beyond just digestive health; the gut microbiota is highly involved in the overall well-being of the animal.

Dog probiotics can be administered through various supplements, including chews, liquids, powders, and capsules, as well as probiotic-rich foods and natural sources like yogurt and kefir. One very important thing to remember is that heat and humidity can significantly impact the viability of probiotics. The higher the heat and moisture, the greater the risk that the bacteria may not survive for long, and their population can decrease significantly over time. This is why many experts prefer powder forms, which are dry and help maintain the stability of the probiotics.

When to Give Probiotics to Your Dog?

A dog being given a probiotic supplement, showing when it's appropriate to administer probiotics

Probiotic supplements can be used even when a dog is completely healthy, but they are especially beneficial in certain situations. When pets are sick or stressed, their microbial balance may be disrupted, making probiotics for dogs particularly helpful. They can also be advantageous during diet changes, as dogs age, when using medications (especially antibiotics), and in cases of parasitic infections. Understanding these situations can guide pet owners on when to incorporate these beneficial supplements into their dog’s routine.

Probiotics can be beneficial in a variety of situations for dogs, whether they are completely healthy or dealing with specific issues. Here’s a breakdown of their applications:

• Diarrhea and Gut Health Disorders: Probiotics for dogs are commonly used to address diarrhea and other gut issues. They are among the most studied supplements for these conditions and can also be used for treating inflammatory bowel disease. For example, research has shown that probiotics can be effective in managing antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) caused by Clostridium difficile.
• Dental Health: Certain probiotic strains have demonstrated the ability to reduce dental plaque and improve overall dental health, contributing to better oral hygiene.

Probiotics for Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea (AAD)

Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive, anaerobic bacillus that causes various gastrointestinal infections in animals. It often becomes imbalanced in the gastrointestinal tract in cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). This occurs when the normal balance of gut microbiota is disrupted due to antibiotic use, leading to symptoms such as watery diarrhea, lethargy, vomiting, and stomach upset.

While various antibiotics may be needed to treat this condition, overall health can be improved with probiotic consumption, which helps re-establish healthy gut flora. Probiotics can play a crucial role in restoring the microbial balance, thereby reducing the severity and duration of AAD symptoms.

Probiotics During Pregnancy

One study evaluated whether giving pregnant Great Dane dogs a supplement of prebiotics (MOS and FOS) and probiotics (Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus acidophilus) could improve the quality of their colostrum, the first milk produced after giving birth. This is important because colostrum contains antibodies like IgG, IgM, and IgA that help protect puppies from infections.

The 20 Great Dane dogs were divided into four groups. One group received a standard diet, while the other three received the supplements for the last one, two, or four weeks of pregnancy. Blood samples were taken at different times to measure antibody levels, and colostrum was collected at birth to measure its antibody content. Results showed that the group receiving supplements for four weeks had the highest levels of IgG, IgM, and IgA in their colostrum, indicating better immune support for the puppies. The study suggests that a four-week supplementation period is most effective for boosting the immune properties of colostrum.

Disclaimer: While probiotics offer many benefits, we at Dog Care Story always recommend consulting with a veterinarian for personalized advice before starting any new supplement.

How to Choose the Best Probiotics for a Dog?

Choosing the best probiotics for dogs gut health can be challenging, so we’ve put together some recommendations to help you make an informed decision. Here’s what to consider:

• Evaluate health target: If you’re unsure about your dog’s health issues, consult with a veterinarian. It’s crucial to choose a probiotic specifically formulated to address those conditions or to support a specific target. Remember that this supplement can be used for completely healthy pets, so sometimes it’s not necessary to evaluate existing health problems, but rather to support overall wellness.
• Studies: The effectiveness of probiotics for dogs is strongly supported by research. Strains with multiple supporting studies are more likely to work effectively. Prioritize products with well-documented evidence for the strains included to ensure efficacy and reliability.
• Choose strains: Look for probiotics that contain beneficial strains with proven efficacy for specific health concerns. For general digestive health, Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 30183 or NCIMB 10415, Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii, and Bifidobacterium species are commonly recommended. Additionally, Lactobacillus and Bacillus subtilis DSM 15544 can offer added benefits, with Bacillus often providing superior stability. Consulting with your veterinarian can help identify the most suitable strains for your dog’s condition.
• Choose a brand with vets on the team: While well-known brands supported or founded by vets can be pricey, there are often quality alternatives available. Carefully review the product’s label to ensure it meets high standards and is suitable for your dog.
• Find the best form for your dog: Probiotics come in various forms, including capsules, chews, liquids, and powders. For better stability and a more accurate dose of probiotics, consider choosing a powder form. Powders typically have lower moisture content, which helps maintain the viability of the probiotics and ensures that you give your dog the correct dosage.
• Choose a high potency probiotic: Colony-Forming Units (CFU) is a measure used to indicate the number of viable microorganisms in a probiotic product. Lower CFU is suitable when there is a general health problem, while higher CFUs are recommended for serious illnesses. It’s important to note that each probiotic strain may have its own optimal dosage. Therefore, choosing a product with veterinarians on the team and studies backing the specific strains is crucial for ensuring the correct dosage and effectiveness for your dog’s needs.
• Read reviews: If you’re still undecided, reading customer reviews can provide insights into others’ experiences. While individual results may vary, reviews can offer valuable information to guide your choice.

Note: Consult with a veterinarian to understand more about bacterial strains, colony-forming units (CFU count), product quality, and your dog’s specific health needs before making a decision.

Benefits of Probiotics for Dogs

An illustration highlighting various benefits of probiotics for dogs, such as improved digestion and immunity

Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms that positively impact a dog’s health in numerous ways. Here are some key benefits of probiotics for dogs, supported by scientific insights:

Improved Digestion and Nutrient Absorption: Better Overall Gut Health

Probiotics help balance the microbial population in the gut, contributing to proper digestion. By ensuring that harmful bacteria do not outnumber the beneficial ones, probiotics support the production of digestive enzymes and aid in breaking down complex carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into smaller molecules. This optimized digestion leads to better nutrient absorption, which is vital for overall health and energy levels.

Human studies indicate that Saccharomyces boulardii is an effective probiotic for treating both acute and chronic enteropathies. Saccharomyces boulardii is a yeast, similar to those found in beer, and not a bacterium like many other probiotics. However, it is still considered a probiotic due to its beneficial effects.

Other probiotics have also shown effectiveness, including:

• Enterococcus faecium, particularly the strain Enterococcus faecium DSM 10663 NCIMB 10415
• Bacillus subtilis, especially the strain Bacillus subtilis C-3102 Calsporin
• L. acidophilus, with the strain L. acidophilus D2/CSL

These strains have been proven to provide significant benefits and can be considered depending on your dog’s specific health needs. One study evaluated the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisaee boulardii in both healthy dogs and those with chronic enteropathies (CE), including the recording of any adverse effects. The results demonstrated that Saccharomyces cerevisaee boulardii could offer better control of clinical signs in dogs with CE compared to standard therapy alone.

While there is less scientific evidence for the use of probiotics in dogs compared to human studies, research suggests that supplementation with Bifidobacterium animalis AHC7 can reduce the duration of diarrhea from seven to four days. Additionally, probiotics may reduce the need for antibiotic treatment by about 10 percent, according to the same study. Again, remember that not all probiotic strains have the same benefits. This is why it’s important to study them and choose the best pre probiotics for dogs for your specific needs.

Reduction in Allergies and Skin Conditions

Believe it or not, best probiotic for dog with allergies can also help with allergies. They are believed to assist in the production of regulatory T-cells, which suppress excessive immune reactions and prevent allergies. Additionally, probiotics can help prevent allergens and toxins from entering the bloodstream, which is a common trigger for skin issues.

Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a common, chronic inflammatory skin condition in dogs, characterized by abnormal levels of IgE antibodies in response to allergens. One study found that administering the probiotic strain Lactobacillus sakei probio-65 for two months significantly reduced the disease severity index in dogs diagnosed with CAD. Another trial included 11 dogs with atopic dermatitis and assessed the impact of probiotics. The dogs were randomly divided into two groups: one group of 7 dogs received Bifidobacterium longum probiotics, while the control group of 4 dogs received a placebo powder daily for 12 weeks. The severity of skin lesions in both groups was evaluated using the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (CADESI)-4. While the results are promising, it’s important to note that the sample size in this study was relatively small. The results showed that in the probiotics group, the CADESI-4 score significantly decreased at 4, 8, and 12 weeks compared to the baseline score and effectively improved skin lesions. This study suggests that probiotics may be a beneficial option for dogs with atopic dermatitis and severe skin symptoms.

Weight Support

Human studies have shown that individuals with obesity have different gut bacteria compared to lean individuals. This may also apply to animals, as gut bacteria play a role in determining body weight and metabolism. Recent research on probiotics for obese canines revealed that Enterococcus faecium IDCC 2102 and Bifidobacterium lactis IDCC 4301 effectively reduced body weight, lipid accumulation, and systemic inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obesity. These probiotics improved microbiota balance and metabolic processes, enhancing energy utilization and restoring stable eating behavior and glucose tolerance in the study’s canine model.

Renal Support

Human studies have shown that probiotic supplementation can reduce the severity of renal ischemia-reperfusion injuries and secondary liver injuries. This supplement may also be beneficial for addressing renal issues in dogs by potentially helping to reduce uremic toxins. Renadyl was evaluated in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients to assess its safety and efficacy. The primary aim was to determine if Renadyl improved quality of life or reduced uremic toxin levels, while the secondary aim focused on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. This human study found that it was deemed safe for use, and trends indicated potential benefits, such as reductions in inflammatory markers.

Enhanced Immune System

Probiotics support the gut microbiome and positively affect the immune system. A healthy gut reduces the chances of infections and chronic inflammation, which can weaken the immune system. The gut is often referred to as the “second brain” and plays a pivotal role in immune regulation.

In a study involving 90 dogs, categorized into three age groups (elderly, young, and training), each group was further divided into two subgroups: one received a daily probiotic feed additive, and the other did not. The probiotic feed additive included three bacterial strains: Lactobacillus casei Zhang, Lactobacillus plantarum P-8, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis V9.

The study found the following results regarding probiotics:

• Increased Feed Intake and Weight Gain: Probiotics led to higher average daily feed intake and weight gain across all age groups.
• Changes in Gut Microbial Structure in Elderly Dogs: Notable increases in good bacteria such as certain Lactobacillus species and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, alongside a reduction in potentially harmful bacteria like Escherichia coli and Sutterella stercoricanisin.
• Significant Response in Elderly Dogs: Elderly dogs showed the most evident response to probiotics.
• Correlation with Immune Factors: Changes in the relative abundance of some bacterial species correlated with specific immune factors and physiological parameters.
• Overall Health Improvement: Probiotic treatment was associated with improved overall health and enhanced immune health, likely through stimulation of antibody and cytokine secretion via gut microbiota regulation.

By day 60 of probiotic treatment, the gut microbiota of elderly dogs resembled that of younger dogs. These findings indicate that probiotics can positively impact canine health and the immune system, particularly in older dogs, and offer insights for developing probiotic-based strategies to enhance both animal and human health.

Anxiety Alleviation

Practice shows that some dogs are prone to gastrointestinal issues, which can often be related to anxiety. Sometimes even separation anxiety can lead to nervous intestines and different gastrointestinal issues. Probiotics can help balance the gut microbiota, promoting optimal digestive function and potentially alleviating anxiety-related gastrointestinal issues. By fostering a healthier gut-brain axis, probiotics may indirectly contribute to a calmer demeanor in dogs.

Note: Consult with a veterinarian before giving your dog probiotics to address anxiety and gastrointestinal issues, as underlying medical conditions should always be ruled out first.

Precautions and Considerations

A veterinarian consulting with a dog owner about precautions and considerations for canine probiotic use

Probiotics are generally well-tolerated and considered safe for most dogs. However, pet owners should exercise caution when introducing new supplements, as with any dietary change or addition. Awareness of potential side effects and the importance of product quality can help ensure a positive experience for your dog.

Possible Side Effects: How to Monitor Them?

When introducing a new supplement or a new food to your dog, it’s crucial to monitor their response closely. Promptly addressing any side effects can help protect your dog and ensure their well-being.

While probiotics support the dog’s digestive health, they may sometimes cause digestive upset, including gas, bloating, diarrhea, or constipation. If you observe these symptoms, contact a veterinarian as soon as possible. To minimize the risk of side effects, start with a lower dose and gradually increase it, allowing your dog to adjust. Although rare, allergic reactions can occur and may manifest as itching, redness, hives, or swelling. If you notice any of these signs, discontinue use immediately and consult a veterinarian.

Tips to Prevent Side Effects:

• Introduce the supplement gradually.
• Monitor your dog’s behavior, appetite, stool, and overall health.
• Adjust the dosage as needed or consult with a veterinarian for guidance.

Importance of Choosing High-Quality Probiotics

There is no doubt that high-quality products are the best. But it’s not always easy to distinguish which product is good and which is not.

Here at Dog Care Story, we consider a product high-quality if it meets the following criteria:

• Formulated by a veterinarian or a nutritionist expert.
• Backed by studies that support the claims. Without this, the affirmation lacks proof, and you can’t be sure if the chosen strain effectively supports your pup’s health.
• The correct dosage used in the studies.
• Stability is crucial for probiotics. Being living microorganisms, their potency decreases over time. Each strain has its own stability, and methods exist to extend their viability.
• Made in the US in a GMP-compliant and NASC-approved facility.
• Contains a limited amount of inactive ingredients.
• Third-party testing to ensure the correct quantities of active ingredients.
• Trusted by veterinarians, who are very careful with the products they select for their clinics.
• The company answers your questions.

Quality products provide the maximum benefits while minimizing adverse effects, though individual reactions can vary. Always read the label carefully to ensure purity and potency. Choose a product with proven longevity and stability for a longer shelf life.

Consulting With a Veterinarian

Before starting any new supplement, it is advisable to consult with a veterinarian. This approach ensures tailored recommendations based on your dog’s specific needs, health history, and any existing conditions. A vet can help identify the most appropriate probiotic strains and dosage for your pet. While probiotics for dogs may not lead to a complete recovery for all conditions, they can significantly improve your dog’s overall health, particularly benefiting the digestive tract.

Top 5 Best Probiotics For Dogs

Studies specifically on probiotics for dogs and their efficacy are still limited but there are some, and we must rely on what’s demonstrated. Veterinary professionals are actively exploring its benefits and incorporating it into various research initiatives.

We’ve found some of the best probiotics based on the quality of the product and its purpose, and also the customer’s experience and reviews. Let’s take a look!

Best Probiotic With Clay for Dogs

Clay is recommended for dogs with gastrointestinal health issues due to its ability to absorb toxins and harmful substances, stabilize digestive function, and soothe inflammation in the gut. Its natural properties help manage diarrhea, improve stool consistency, and provide essential minerals like calcium and magnesium, making it a valuable addition to probiotic formulations for acute GI upset.

Pro-Kolin Advanced for Dogs by Protextin

Pro-Kolin Advanced for Dogs by Protextin, a recommended probiotic supplement with clay

Why trust it?

• This probiotic supplement contains beneficial microorganisms, prebiotics, soothing fibers, and a dual-source binding agent.
• It contains pectin that soothes the gut lining and Psyllium that absorbs the excess water from the gastrointestinal tract, providing fast relief.
• The combination of ingredients can be highly effective, but a slightly simpler formulation might reduce the risk of allergies and adverse reactions in sensitive dogs.
• Preplex includes two great ingredients that we especially value: FOS (fructooligosaccharides) and acacia gum, both known for their prebiotic benefits.

Full bucket Health Bioclay+ Paste

Why trust it?

• This paste has a bioactive clay-based formula that can promote digestive health during occasional distress.
• It contains 1.56 Billion CFU’s of Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii, a yeast strain of probiotic that is safe to use during antibiotic therapy. While not as specifically studied as strains like Levucell ®, Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii remains a valuable component for maintaining digestive balance and supporting gut health during antibiotic treatment.
• It also contains L-Glutamine and bio-adsorbent clay that supports toxin removal, aiding in detoxification.

Best Probiotics for Diarrhea in Dogs

These probiotics are especially recommended for dogs that suffer from diarrhea, helping to re-establish healthy gut flora and reduce symptoms. You can learn more about Probiotics for Dogs With Diarrhea.

Protexin Synbiotic D-C

Why trust it?

• It contains Enterococcus faecium (DSM 10663/ NCIMB 10415) 4b1707 which helps repopulate the intestine with beneficial micro-organisms. This is a highly recommended strain for gut health.
• It offers a synbiotic action with a very good combination and no harmful ingredients besides, ensuring safety and efficacy.
• It’s in the form of powder (through capsules) making it more stable and ensuring probiotic viability.

Purina Fortiflora Synbiotic

Why trust it?

• The number one veterinarian-recommended dog probiotic brand for digestive health (Kantar Veterinary Tracker, 2021).
• Available as a probiotic powder supplement suitable for both puppies and adult dogs, making it versatile.
• It offers a synbiotic action of prebiotics and probiotics to manage diarrhea and support a healthy microflora.
• This probiotic supplement contains Psyllium which stimulates the growth of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species. While psyllium is beneficial, the inclusion of FOS (fructooligosaccharides) would enhance its effectiveness as a prebiotic.

Proviable Forte

Why trust it?

• Contains 10 billion CFU’s per capsule and 7 strains of bacteria that improve the intestinal balance. It provides a diverse range of good bacteria, though not all strains have demonstrated consistent results across studies, raising questions about the necessity of so many different strains.
• It also contains prebiotics to encourage the growth of good bacteria in the gut, but their effectiveness may vary. The inclusion of FOS (fructooligosaccharides), a highly effective prebiotic, would be a stronger addition.
• The content of each capsule can be easily sprinkled over the food, making administration simple.

Best Maintenance Probiotics for Dogs

The following product is a unique blend that can be given every day even to healthy dogs to maintain healthy guts. The ones we just mentioned for diarrhea are also valid candidates for maintenance.

Animal Biome GI Relief

Why trust it?

• Contains a triple and unique blend of phages (PreForPro), prebiotics (FOS), and probiotics (S. boulardii), offering comprehensive gut support.
• Made by a renowned company trusted by many veterinarians, known for their expertise in fecal microbiota transplant products.
• According to the manufacturers, it reduces the diarrhea caused by antibiotics, C. difficile, or E.coli.
• Includes S. boulardii. While this strain is not as specifically studied as others, it is still considered beneficial for gut health and antibiotic-associated issues.

Read More: Find out more about prebiotic supplements like FOS and Inulin.

Best Probiotic for Dog Kidneys

The following probiotic is especially effective and recommended for dogs with renal issues, helping to manage uremic toxins.

Azodyl

Azodyl probiotic capsules, specifically formulated for dogs with kidney issues

Why trust it?

• It helps in managing uremic toxins and leads to BUN and creatinine improvement in 4 weeks, as demonstrated in studies.
• It contains bacteria strains that support the uremic environment including Streptococcus thermophilus KB19, Lactobacillus acidophilus KB27, and Bifidobacterium longum KB31, which are specifically chosen for renal support.
• This probiotic has an acid-resistant capsule that protects the bacteria until it reaches the colon, ensuring maximum efficacy.

Conclusion

Probiotics are safe and well-tolerated by pets. They can be beneficial for both healthy animals and those with digestive issues or other specific health concerns. The main advantages of these “friendly” microorganisms include improved gastrointestinal health and digestion, leading to better nutrient absorption and reduced digestive upsets. Additionally, probiotics can help alleviate allergic reactions, support weight balance, and significantly enhance immune system function, particularly in older dogs. For dogs with specific conditions like renal issues or those on antibiotics, targeted probiotic strains offer specialized support. Always consult with your veterinarian to determine the best probiotic for your dog’s unique needs and health goals.

FAQ

What are the benefits of probiotics for dogs?

Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that support your dog’s gut health. But not all probiotics are the same. You need to look at their name, like Enterococcus faecium, and their specific strain, like Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415. When you select the right ones, they help maintain a balanced digestive system, reduce diarrhea, improve stool quality, support nutrient absorption, and even strengthen immune function, contributing to overall well-being.

Can I give human probiotics to my dog?

It’s not recommended. Human probiotics are formulated for the human digestive tract and may not benefit dogs due to differences in their digestive systems and gut microbiomes. This is why it’s important to look at their name and their specific strain. Dogs need species-specific probiotic strains, such as Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415, that are proven to benefit canine digestion. Always choose a veterinary-formulated probiotic supplement to ensure safety and effectiveness.

Are probiotics safe for dogs with sensitive stomachs?

Yes, when you select the right ones, probiotics are often helpful for dogs with sensitive stomachs. They can reduce symptoms like bloating, gas, and irregular stools by promoting a balanced gut environment. Look for supplements that combine probiotics with prebiotics (like FOS) to gently encourage the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, further supporting digestive comfort.

How do I know if a probiotic is working for my dog?

To determine if a probiotic is working for your dog, you need first to look at the studies that have been conducted for this specific probiotic strain. Then, when you start giving it to your dog, consistency and tracking results are key. Here are the important steps and signs to look out for:

1. Track Changes in Stool Quality: The first sign that a probiotic is working is improvement in your dog’s stool. This includes increased firmness (softer or watery stools should firm up over time), a reduction in foul-smelling stools, and regular, well-formed bowel movements, all indicating better digestive health.
2. Monitor Digestion and Appetite: Probiotics help balance gut bacteria, which can lead to less gas and bloating. If your dog’s stomach seems less distended, or they stop excessively passing gas, it’s a good sign. A probiotic that’s effective will likely lead to your dog showing more interest in meals or a healthier feeding routine.
3. Observe Behavior and Energy Levels: Since gut health is linked to overall well-being, improved digestion can contribute to your dog feeling more energetic and active, with less fatigue or sluggishness.
4. Give it Time: Be consistent and give probiotics time to work, as it can take several days to a few weeks to see noticeable improvements. Your dog’s microbiome needs time to adjust to the new balance of bacteria. Make sure you’re administering the correct dosage daily and tracking any subtle changes for accurate assessment.

Author: Dr. Sandra

Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM)

Meet Dr. Sandra, a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM). Sandra combines her two passions—writing and veterinary medicine. Dedicated to animal welfare, she is conducting research aimed at solving the problem of stray dogs. In addition to her research, Sandra has experience in the pharmaceutical industry and works as a veterinary advisor. Her main goal is to inform pet parents about dog health and to “translate” complex veterinary language into simple, easy-to-understand terms.

Join Dr. Sandra to learn more about pets and discover how simple advice can improve your dog’s life.

The content presented here is for informational purposes and reflects Sandra’s own opinions, expertise, and experience. It is not intended to replace professional veterinary consultation, diagnosis, or treatment. For personalized advice and care for your pets, always consult with your veterinarian.

Education: 2016-2023 | Faculty of Veterinary Medicine – Skopje, Macedonia

Researches: (October 2023) “Model for identifying appropriate strategies for dog control population” (April 2019) “Comparative overview of stray dog control population between countries” (September 2018) “Influence of Dermanyssus Gallinae on animal health – One Health Approach ” (May 2018) “Circadian behavioral rhythm of dairy cows in a loose housing system”

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