The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is currently investigating a potential dietary connection between canine dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and certain grain-free dog food formulations. This investigation, which began after an increase in reported DCM cases, has raised concerns among pet owners about the safety of their dogs’ diets. Understanding the details of this ongoing inquiry is crucial for ensuring the health and well-being of our canine companions.
Understanding the FDA’s Investigation into Grain-Free Dog Food
The FDA’s investigation into grain-free dog food stems from an increase in reports of canine dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Dr. Jerry Klein, Chief Veterinary Officer of the AKC, explains, “The FDA is investigating a potential dietary link between canine dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and dogs eating certain grain-free dog foods. The foods of concern are those containing legumes such as peas or lentils, other legume seeds, or potatoes listed as primary ingredients.” This concern arose because DCM, a known heart condition in certain breeds, was being reported in dogs not typically predisposed to it. Between January 1, 2014, and April 30, 2019, the FDA received 524 reports of DCM in dogs and cats, with a significant number of these reports submitted after the FDA’s initial public alert in July 2018.
What is Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM)?
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious heart condition affecting the heart muscle in dogs. In dogs with DCM, the heart muscle weakens and thins, leading to a decreased ability to pump blood effectively. This can ultimately result in congestive heart failure. While DCM can affect any dog, certain breeds have a higher genetic predisposition to the condition. These include large and giant breeds such as Doberman Pinschers, Great Danes, Newfoundlands, Irish Wolfhounds, and Saint Bernards. Additionally, breeds like English and American Cocker Spaniels, though medium-sized, are also at a higher risk. The unusual aspect of the recent FDA investigation is the occurrence of DCM in breeds not typically associated with the disease, such as Golden Retrievers, Labrador Retrievers, Whippets, Bulldogs, and Shih Tzus, all of which had reportedly consumed diets with grain alternatives.
Assessing the Risk: Grain-Free Dog Food and Heart Health Concerns
The FDA’s investigations have focused on identifying commonalities in the diets of affected dogs. An update from July 2019 revealed that over 90% of the dog food products reported in DCM cases were grain-free. Furthermore, a significant percentage of these foods contained peas and/or lentils (93%) and potatoes or sweet potatoes (42%) as primary ingredients. Despite these findings, Dr. Klein emphasizes, “At this time, there is no proof that these ingredients are the cause of DCM in a broader range of dogs, but dog owners should be aware of this alert from the FDA.” The FDA continues to collaborate with veterinary cardiologists and nutritionists to thoroughly understand the potential impact of grain-free diets on dogs.
The FDA has also released a list of dog food brands that were frequently mentioned in the reported DCM cases. These include Acana, Zignature, Taste of the Wild, 4Health, Earthborn Holistic, Blue Buffalo, Nature’s Domain, Fromm, Merrick, California Natural, Natural Balance, Orijen, Nature’s Variety, Nutrisource, Nutro, and Rachael Ray Nutrish. While most reports involved dry dog food, raw, semi-moist, and wet foods were also represented.
Dr. Lisa M. Freeman, a veterinary nutritionist, has further characterized the suspected diets as “BEG” diets, which stands for boutique companies, exotic ingredients, or grain-free diets. She suggests that the issue may not solely be the absence of grains but could also be related to alternative ingredients like lentils and chickpeas, or other common components found in these specialized diets, such as exotic meats, vegetables, and fruits. However, Dr. Freeman also stresses that while an association exists, it has not been definitively proven, and other factors might play a significant role. Pet owners who suspect a link between their dog’s diet and DCM are encouraged by the FDA to report such cases through the Safety Reporting Portal.
Making Informed Dietary Choices for Your Dog
The most prudent approach for dog owners concerned about DCM and their dog’s diet is to consult with their veterinarian. Veterinarians can provide personalized guidance, help owners weigh the pros and cons of various dietary options, including grain-inclusive dog food versus grain-free formulations, and advise on monitoring their dog for any signs of heart disease. Open communication with a trusted veterinary professional is key to ensuring your dog receives a safe, nutritious, and appropriate diet for their individual health needs.
