Gastrointestinal (GI) illness, commonly known as gastroenteritis, is a frequent ailment among dogs, manifesting as an upset stomach that often results in diarrhea, vomiting, or a diminished appetite. While offering a bland diet can aid recovery at home, discerning when to implement this dietary change and when veterinary intervention is necessary can be challenging. This guide provides essential information regarding bland diets for dogs.
What Constitutes a Bland Diet for Dogs?
A bland diet serves as a more palatable food option for dogs experiencing illness. The digestive system requires nutrients to combat stomach upset, and bland diets facilitate nutrient intake even when a dog is unwell. These diets can be prepared at home or purchased commercially in kibble or wet food forms.
Key characteristics of bland diets for dogs with gastroenteritis, tailored to specific symptoms or diagnoses, include:
High Digestibility
Highly digestible foods enable dogs to efficiently absorb necessary nutrients. Opting for high-quality ingredients and avoiding overly processed foods is paramount. Even dog kibble can be highly digestible if specifically formulated for gastroenteritis, such as Hills® i/d Digestive Care or Royal Canin® Gastrointestinal.
Commonly, lean proteins like chicken, turkey, cottage cheese, and ground beef are used in bland diets, as they are generally well-tolerated by dogs with upset stomachs compared to less familiar proteins. Carbohydrates such as plain white rice, potato, brown rice, barley, or whole wheat pasta are often incorporated to add bulk and help absorb excess water in cases of diarrhea. While not always necessary, certain vegetables like pumpkin can provide beneficial fiber. It’s crucial that all ingredients are free from added sodium or seasonings.
Low Fat Content
Low-fat foods are particularly recommended for dogs suffering from pancreatitis or chronic gastrointestinal diseases. Continuing a low-fat diet after a dog has responded well can help prevent relapses.
High Fiber
High-fiber foods support the digestive system’s function and movement, proving beneficial for dogs experiencing diarrhea or similar issues.
Hypoallergenic Properties
Hypoallergenic or novel protein diets are beneficial for dogs whose stomach upset stems from food allergies. These diets introduce new proteins or utilize hydrolyzed proteins. A novel protein limited ingredient diet typically features less common proteins, such as rabbit or venison, that the dog’s immune system hasn’t encountered before. Examples include Hill’s d/d and Royal Canin Selective Protein.
Caloric Density
Calorically dense foods are vital for dogs recovering from significant illness, surgery, or conditions that impact their appetite. Canned food options like Hill’s a/d Urgent Care or Royal Canin Recovery provide sufficient energy in small portions, potentially reducing symptoms like vomiting.
Veterinary Diets vs. Homemade Bland Diets for Dogs
Historically, homemade bland diets were the go-to for dogs with GI illnesses. However, advancements in veterinary nutrition have led to highly effective commercial bland diets. While homemade chicken and rice or beef and potato diets remain an option, commercially available versions often offer superior nutritional balance.
Prescription diets designed for dogs with upset stomachs provide not only bland ingredients but also essential vitamins and minerals for a complete and balanced diet, unlike simple home-cooked meals. These veterinary diets are safe for long-term use in managing chronic GI issues such as pancreatitis or gastroenteritis, potentially for the dog’s entire life. In contrast, prolonged feeding of homemade diets can lead to nutritional deficiencies and may even create an aversion to regular food once the dog recovers. For short-term use (days to weeks) or to stimulate appetite, home-cooked bland diets are acceptable with veterinary guidance.
Best Diet for Dogs with Sensitive Stomachs
Dogs with sensitive stomachs, often not linked to a specific medical condition, may experience vomiting, diarrhea, or decreased appetite after consuming something new or inappropriate, such as trash. This sensitivity can occur in puppies and senior dogs due to weaker immune systems but is possible at any age.
The most effective dog foods for sensitive stomachs typically contain highly digestible proteins and carbohydrates, supplemented with fiber and probiotics. Popular choices are available. It’s important to note that if you are considering long-term options for your dog, consulting with a professional on services like lucky dog daycare or pet babysitting can provide peace of mind.
Feeding Your Dog During Illness
Encouraging a dog with a sensitive stomach to eat may require special approaches:
- Hand-feeding.
- Providing a quiet, calm feeding environment.
- Soaking food in water.
- Syringe-feeding.
- Adding low-fat, low-sodium broth.
- Incorporating lean meal toppers, pumpkin, or probiotics.
Always consult your veterinarian before adding anything to your dog’s bland diet, as some additions can cause further upset. Your vet may also suggest smaller, more frequent meals. For home-cooked diets like chicken and rice, discuss appropriate portion sizes with your veterinarian. If you’re struggling to manage your pet’s needs, exploring options at a cat and dog hospital might be necessary.
Duration of Bland Diet Feeding
The duration a dog needs to remain on a bland diet depends on the underlying cause of their GI upset and their rate of recovery.
- If recovery is rapid (typically within 48 hours), the dog can usually return to their regular diet.
- If symptoms persist beyond 48 hours, veterinary consultation is recommended. Your vet may advise continuing the bland diet for a few days after symptoms resolve.
- For diagnosed underlying medical conditions, the bland diet may need to be a long-term, potentially lifelong, regimen.
Additional Support for Dogs with Upset Stomachs
If your dog’s symptoms worsen or they refuse to eat, hospitalization for supportive care, including IV fluids and anti-nausea medication, may be beneficial. Offering probiotics can help restore beneficial bacteria in the digestive system, especially after bouts of diarrhea. A fiber supplement can also aid in firming up stools. Ensure your dog stays hydrated and consider keeping a food journal to track intake and symptoms, which can be invaluable if veterinary treatment is required.
It is crucial to limit your dog’s food intake during this period and refrain from offering treats or table scraps, as these can exacerbate GI upset. With appropriate care, time, and nutritional support through a bland diet, your dog should recover their well-being. For immediate needs or extended care, consider services like rover dog care or emergency dog boarding near me.
Written by Barri J. Morrison, DVM
