Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are not a common ailment in cats, affecting only 1-3% of felines presenting with signs of urinary tract disease. Distinguishing UTIs from other conditions, such as urinary crystals, is crucial, and a veterinarian can accurately diagnose them through simple tests. In most instances, these infections are caused by bacteria and are typically manageable with medication. However, chronic or unresponsive infections may necessitate further investigation to identify contributing risk factors for your cat.
Recognizing the Symptoms of UTIs in Cats
Cats experiencing UTIs often exhibit frequent trips to the litter box and appear restless. They may strain to urinate, producing only small amounts or no urine at all. In some cases, blood may be present in the urine. Due to the discomfort associated with UTIs, cats might begin to avoid their litter box, choosing instead to urinate in unusual places like sinks, bathtubs, or on laundry. As the condition progresses, particularly in male cats, vomiting and lethargy can also occur. While both acute and chronic UTIs share similar symptoms, some cats with chronic infections may not display any outward signs.
Common Causes of UTIs in Cats
Bacterial infections are the root cause of both sudden and chronic UTIs in cats. The bacteria typically originate from the gastrointestinal tract or the lower urinary/reproductive system. Older cats or those with pre-existing medical conditions are more susceptible to developing bacterial urinary tract issues.
Veterinary Diagnosis of Feline UTIs
Veterinarians diagnose UTIs by collecting a urine sample, ideally through cystocentesis, a procedure that draws urine directly from the bladder using a fine needle to prevent contamination. This sample is then analyzed for the presence of bacteria. Following this, a culture-and-sensitivity test is performed to isolate and study the bacteria, enabling the vet to determine the most effective antibiotic. For uncomplicated, first-time infections, a broad-spectrum antibiotic might be prescribed without specifically identifying the bacteria. However, chronic infections almost always require more detailed testing to pinpoint the specific bacteria and the best course of antibiotic treatment.
Treatment and Management for UTIs in Cats
Immediate veterinary attention is essential if you observe any signs of a UTI in your cat. For male cats, waiting even a few hours can be life-threatening. Female cats should be switched to an all-canned food diet, and a vet visit scheduled within 24 hours. It’s important to note that home remedies like cranberry products have not been proven effective for feline UTIs.
The primary treatment for UTIs in cats involves antibiotics. Vets often recommend feeding an all-canned diet, either temporarily or long-term, as dry foods can lead to more concentrated urine, exacerbating urinary tract problems. If your cat is experiencing significant discomfort, pain medication may be prescribed, especially if treatment is delayed pending test results. Acute infections typically require a shorter antibiotic course, whereas chronic UTIs may necessitate longer-term medication.
Most cats recover fully within 7-10 days of starting treatment, although a canned food diet may need to be continued for a longer period. Your veterinarian may conduct a follow-up urine test to confirm the eradication of bacteria. Cats experiencing recurrent UTIs may require further diagnostic testing to uncover underlying causes.
Frequently Asked Questions About Feline UTIs
Can I treat my cat’s UTI at home?
Prompt veterinary treatment is generally recommended for suspected feline UTIs. For male cats, delays can be fatal. Female cats can be switched to an all-canned diet as a supportive measure while awaiting a veterinary appointment, ideally within a few days of symptom onset. Post-veterinary care typically involves prescribed medications and a canned food diet.
Is cranberry juice effective for cat UTIs?
Despite the availability of cranberry-based products for cats, scientific research has not demonstrated their effectiveness in treating UTIs. In fact, altering urine pH with cranberry can potentially lead to complications like crystal and stone formation. Therefore, using cranberry juice or related products for treating feline UTIs is not advised.
Can a dirty litter box cause UTIs in cats?
Cats may hold their urine to avoid using a dirty litter box, which can contribute to urinary tract diseases, including infections. Maintaining a clean litter box is therefore an important aspect of preventing urinary issues.
Can a cat UTI resolve on its own?
While a healthy cat with a robust immune system might overcome a very mild, asymptomatic UTI, any cat exhibiting symptoms warrants veterinary attention. If you notice any signs of a UTI, your cat likely needs treatment.
How long can a cat UTI go untreated?
Male cats exhibiting UTI symptoms require immediate veterinary care. For female cats showing clinical signs such as straining to urinate, urinating outside the litter box, frequent small urinations, or blood in the urine, veterinary consultation is recommended if symptoms persist for more than 1-2 days. Untreated UTIs can be very uncomfortable and may progress to kidney infections (pyelonephritis), potentially leading to systemic infection.
Written by: Sandra C. Mitchell, DVM, DABVP
Sandra Mitchell is a 1995 graduate of the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine. Since graduation, she has worked in many fields…
