If you’ve noticed your dog frequently shaking his head or scratching his ears, it’s natural to consider possibilities like infections or allergies. However, a common yet often overlooked cause of these symptoms is ear mites, scientifically known as Otodectes cynotis. While less prevalent in dogs compared to cats, ear mites are a significant concern for pet owners, particularly for puppies and dogs that spend a considerable amount of time outdoors. These minuscule parasites reside within a dog’s ear canals, leading to intense itching, pain, and abnormal discharge. If left untreated, ear mite infestations can escalate into secondary infections or even hearing loss. Although not a medical emergency, ear mites cause considerable discomfort and warrant prompt veterinary attention for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Recognizing the Signs of Ear Mites in Dogs
Infestation by ear mites in dogs can manifest through a variety of noticeable symptoms:
- Frequent head shaking
- Itchy and red ears
- An unpleasant ear odor
- A thick, dark brown or black discharge from the ears
- Tenderness and sensitivity in the ears
- A persistent head tilt
- Hair loss around the ears and eyes
- A noticeable decrease in appetite
- General lethargy and lack of energy
What Causes Ear Mites in Dogs?
The primary mode of transmission for ear mites is direct contact with an infected animal, such as another dog or a cat that harbors the mites. Due to their highly contagious nature, if one pet in a household is infected, it’s highly probable that all other pets will also become infested. Dogs can also contract ear mites from their environment, contaminated bedding, or shared toys.
Ear mites can affect dogs of all ages. Dogs not receiving consistent monthly flea, tick, and heartworm preventatives are at a higher risk of contracting ear mites, as they lack the ongoing protection against parasites.
How Veterinarians Diagnose Ear Mites in Dogs
A thorough examination by a veterinarian is the first step in diagnosing ear mites. The vet will pay close attention to the dog’s ears, often using an otoscope to visualize the ear canals for any signs of abnormal discharge or inflammation. You’ll likely be asked about your dog’s preventative medication history, the onset of symptoms, and whether other pets are in the household.
If ear mites are suspected, diagnostic tests will be performed. The most common and preferred method is an ear cytology. This involves collecting a small sample of ear debris using a cotton swab. This sample is then mixed with mineral oil on a glass slide and examined under a microscope to identify the presence of ear mites or their eggs. Additionally, a stained sample from the ear canal can be viewed microscopically to detect yeast or bacteria, which often cause secondary infections in dogs with ear mites.
Treatment Strategies for Ear Mites in Dogs
Treating ear mites in dogs involves a two-pronged approach: thorough cleaning of the ears and appropriate medication. Initially, the dog’s ears are cleaned using a specialized ear cleanser. Products like Epi-Otic® Advanced are commonly used. However, if a secondary bacterial infection is present, an antimicrobial ear cleanser such as TrizULTRA™+ Keto Flush might be recommended. These cleansers help remove debris, ensuring that the medication can penetrate effectively. They are typically used daily until the mites and any infection are cleared.
The cornerstone of ear mite treatment lies in topical and oral flea, tick, and heartworm preventatives. While not always directly labeled for ear mite treatment, these medications are highly effective. Their use for ear mites is considered “off-label,” but it’s a common and safe practice when prescribed by a veterinarian. Topical treatments are applied to the skin between the shoulder blades, while oral medications are administered by mouth. A single dose of these preventatives is often sufficient to eliminate ear mites. Examples of effective preventatives include Bravecto® and Advantage Multi™.
If a bacterial or yeast infection accompanies the ear mites, a topical ointment like Animax® may be prescribed. This is typically applied to the ear canals twice daily for a week. For dogs experiencing significant pain or itching, topical or oral steroids, such as prednisone, may also be beneficial. Given the high contagiousness of ear mites, it is crucial to treat all pets in the household if one is diagnosed.
Recovery and Management After Treatment
Typically, a single course of treatment is effective if ear cleanings and medications are administered consistently as prescribed by the veterinarian. Dogs usually begin to show improvement within a day or two of starting treatment, though it can take up to 30 days for ear mites to be completely eradicated. A follow-up veterinary appointment for a repeat ear cytology is recommended to confirm the absence of mites and infection. If symptoms persist or mites are still present, further treatment may be necessary.
Preventing Future Ear Mite Infestations
Maintaining a consistent year-round schedule for flea, tick, and heartworm preventatives is the most effective way to protect your dog from ear mites. Additionally, weekly cleaning of your dog’s ears can remove potential debris and reduce the risk of infections. Regularly cleaning your dog’s ears can help prevent potential infections. Cleaning your dog’s ears weekly will remove debris and lower the risk for infections as well.
Frequently Asked Questions About Ear Mites in Dogs
Can ear mites infest your house?
While ear mites can be found in a dog’s environment, particularly on bedding or toys, they do not survive long away from their host. Thorough cleaning and disinfection of the home environment should effectively eliminate them.
Can humans get ear mites from dogs?
It is highly unlikely for humans to contract ear mites from dogs. However, in rare instances, a mite may bite a person, potentially causing temporary itching or a mild skin rash.
Do I need to take my dog to the vet for ear mites?
Yes, veterinary diagnosis and prescription medications are essential for effectively treating ear mites and addressing any secondary infections or inflammation in the ear canal.
