Cushing’s disease in dogs, medically known as hyperadrenocorticism, occurs when a dog’s body produces an excessive amount of the steroid hormone cortisol. Persistent high levels of this hormone can manifest in various health issues, including frequent infections, skin problems, a distended abdomen, and increased thirst, hunger, and urination. While diagnosing and treating Cushing’s disease can be challenging, it is manageable. Alongside conventional medical or surgical treatments, a well-tailored diet plays a crucial role in supporting your dog’s overall health and addressing specific symptoms.
Navigating Treatment Options for Cushing’s Disease
The recommended course of treatment for Cushing’s disease is largely dependent on the specific type diagnosed by your veterinarian: pituitary or adrenal. This distinction is critical as it dictates the primary approach to management.
Adrenal Gland Tumors
When Cushing’s disease stems from adrenal tumors, surgical intervention in the abdomen may be the primary treatment. If the tumor can be entirely removed and has not metastenosis (spread) to other parts of the body, this form of Cushing’s disease can potentially be cured. In cases where surgery is not feasible or as a preparatory step, medications are frequently employed to manage the condition.
Pituitary Gland Tumors
Pituitary tumors represent the more prevalent cause of Cushing’s disease in dogs, accounting for approximately 80-85% of all cases. Due to their location and nature, these tumors are generally not surgically removable. Consequently, many dogs diagnosed with pituitary-dependent Cushing’s disease require lifelong medication, such as mitotane or trilostane, to manage cortisol production.
The Role of Diet in Managing Canine Cushing’s Disease
Regardless of the type of Cushing’s disease or its treatment protocol, diet remains a cornerstone of supportive care. Nutritional therapy, when implemented thoughtfully, can significantly bolster a dog’s well-being and help mitigate disease-specific symptoms. It’s important to understand that a single diet cannot universally address the needs of all dogs with Cushing’s disease; therefore, close consultation with your veterinarian is essential to tailor the ideal dietary plan for your individual dog.
Formulated for Adult Maintenance
Ideally, the dog food chosen should meet the nutritional standards set by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) for adult maintenance. Foods formulated for “all life stages” may be more calorie-dense, which can be counterproductive for dogs with Cushing’s disease who may already be prone to weight gain. Opting for an adult-specific formula can help manage calorie intake more effectively.
Balancing Fat and Fiber Content
For dogs experiencing excess body fat, a food with a lower fat content (less than 12% on a dry matter basis, or DM) and a moderate amount of crude fiber (ranging from 8-17% DM) can be beneficial. It’s crucial to calculate the dry matter values to accurately assess nutrient percentages, as the moisture content on the label can be misleading. The formula for calculating dry matter values is: 100% – % moisture = % dry matter (DM%). Then, nutrient % ÷ DM% x 100 = Nutrient DM value. For instance, a food with 10% moisture has a DM of 90%. If the label states 9% fat, the dry matter fat content is (9 ÷ 90) x 100 = 10%. Similarly, 10% fiber on the label becomes (10 ÷ 90) x 100 = 11% fiber on a dry matter basis. However, this lower-fat approach may not be suitable for dogs with Cushing’s disease who are underweight.
Prioritizing Highly Digestible Protein
The protein sources within the diet should be easily digestible to ensure optimal nutrient absorption. Excellent examples of highly digestible proteins include egg whites, muscle meats like chicken, beef, and lamb, and organ meats.
Managing Sodium Intake
If your dog has developed hypertension (high blood pressure) as a complication of Cushing’s disease, your veterinarian will likely advise a diet that is low in sodium. Reducing salt intake helps in maintaining healthy blood pressure levels.
Dietary Recommendations and Considerations
For many dogs diagnosed with Cushing’s disease, particularly those who are overweight, a high-quality adult dog food formulated to support weight management can be an appropriate choice. Always discuss specific brand recommendations with your veterinarian, as they can guide you toward options that align with your dog’s individual needs and health status.
Nutritional Supplementation for Cushing’s Disease
In most instances, if your dog is fed a complete and balanced dog food, additional nutritional supplements are not required for Cushing’s disease. However, if your dog has other concurrent health issues, your veterinarian might recommend specific supplements. For example, a dog suffering from both Cushing’s disease and arthritis could potentially benefit from a joint supplement containing glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate. Your vet is the best resource to determine the necessity and type of any recommended supplements.
Essential Additional Care Tips for Dogs with Cushing’s Disease
Managing a dog with Cushing’s disease necessitates meticulous attention to detail and consistent adherence to veterinary guidance. It is imperative to follow all your veterinarian’s recommendations regarding medication schedules, dietary adjustments, and follow-up appointments.
Crucially, do not restrict your dog’s water intake. Dogs with Cushing’s disease commonly experience polydipsia (excessive thirst), and constant access to fresh, clean water is vital. While the condition is actively managed, their water consumption should decrease from the excessive levels seen when the disease is unregulated. If weight loss is part of your dog’s treatment plan, commit to a consistent program to achieve and maintain a healthy weight. Seek your veterinarian’s assistance if you are unsure about the safest and most effective weight loss strategies for your canine companion.
Navigating the complexities of Cushing’s disease treatment requires a strong partnership with your veterinarian. They will serve as your most valuable resource in ensuring your pet receives the best possible care, allowing them to lead a healthier and more comfortable life.
