When addressing behavioral issues with mules or donkeys, many owners lament that they’ve already consulted a trainer. Often, upon further discussion, it’s revealed that a horse trainer was engaged, which frequently explains the lack of progress. The distinction between training a horse and training a long-eared equids is significant and understanding these differences is key to success.
The Unique Psychology of Mules and Donkeys
Mules and donkeys possess a different mindset than horses, largely influenced by their donkey heritage. Donkeys are known for their strong sense of self-preservation and their intelligent, cunning nature. They don’t respond well to being bullied or bluffed; instead, they carefully assess requests, considering their wisdom before deciding on a response. This inherent thoughtfulness requires a distinct training approach, one that prioritizes building a solid foundation over quick fixes.
Foundation is Paramount
Unlike many horse trainers who operate on 30, 60, or 90-day training schedules, a mule or donkey benefits immensely from a more deliberate approach. Building and solidifying a strong foundation can take approximately six months. This extended period allows the trainer to establish trust, clear communication, and a mutual understanding with the animal. This foundational work, encompassing groundwork, teaching the animal to stand quietly for tacking and mounting, and fostering good pasture and barn behavior, is the bedrock of all future training. As Dr. Robert Miller, a veterinarian with a keen interest in long-eared equids, notes, horses are often more forgiving, allowing trainers to sometimes get away with a more rushed approach due to their propensity for repetition. However, mules and donkeys thrive on a different model.
Speaking Their Language: A Groundwork-Up Approach
Effective communication with mules and donkeys starts from the nose. Attempting to influence their hindquarters using conventional horse training methods, such as pressure from behind or the use of a crop, is often ineffective and can even lead to defensive kicking. Instead, trainers must learn to “speak their language” by initiating communication with the animal’s nose. This principle was highlighted during an International Equus event where a trainer struggled to move a young mule’s hindquarters until the author intervened, demonstrating how to achieve compliance by working with the mule’s shoulders and hindquarters through proper groundwork techniques, using tools like a come-along and a correctly fitted rope halter.
Leadership Styles: Horses vs. Long-Eared Equids
Horse training often emphasizes repetition and a form of “release” as a reward. Horses, in many instances, rely on their trainers to think for them and are content to follow lead. Mules and donkeys, however, are seeking something more profound: the belief that they and their handler are on the same page. While repetition might achieve some basic tasks, it’s the clear mind, honest intent, and a reasonable, step-by-step working relationship that builds devotion and desired behaviors. This isn’t to criticize horse trainers, but to emphasize that they are working with a different species with distinct needs and motivations.
Choosing the Right Trainer
When seeking a trainer for your mule or donkey, it is crucial to find someone with specific experience with these animals, not just horses. Inquire about the number of mules and donkeys the trainer has worked with, ask for references, and if possible, observe their work with these animals. The right trainer will understand the unique psychology of mules and donkeys, prioritizing a solid foundation and clear communication over quick fixes. Their approach will be patient, consistent, and respectful of the animal’s intelligence and self-preservation instincts. Remember, the proof is in the pudding – a well-trained mule or donkey is a testament to a trainer’s expertise.
